- Sep 2020
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github.com github.com
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If you want this control then wrap them in a DOM node that the parent controls. If you want to pass in values then use props and if you want to pass in values from higher up the tree, the new style RFC may be able to help.
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twitter.com twitter.com
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ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: “having spent a few days looking at ‘debate’ about COVID policy on lay twitter (not the conspiracy stuff, just the ‘we should all be Sweden’ discussions), the single most jarring (and worrying) thing I noticed is that posters seem completely undeterred by self contradiction 1/3” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved September 23, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1308340430170456064
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github.com github.com
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Hopefully, this clarifies our position on using CSS to solve this problem
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What we don't want to happen is to bless an approach that inverts this control, allowing an arbitrary parent to impact the inner-workings of a component.
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Duquette, N. (2020). Heard immunity: Effective persuasion for a future COVID-19 vaccine. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jwvsp
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Natalie Savona: Who is responsible for health behaviour? (2020, September 11). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/09/11/natalie-savona-who-is-responsible-for-health-behaviour/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Rogers, S., & Cruickshank, T. (2020). Change in mental health during highly restrictive lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Australia. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zutav
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Covid-19 has exposed the reality of Britain: Poverty, insecurity and inequality | Richard Horton. (2020, September 8). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/sep/08/covid-19-britain-poverty-insecurity-inequality-fairer-society
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Vaughn, L. A., Garvey, C. A., & Chalachan, R. D. (2020). Need Support and Regulatory Focus in Responding to COVID-19 [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/h8tak
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Emanuel, E. J., & Offit, P. A. (2020, June 8). Opinion | Could Trump Turn a Vaccine Into a Campaign Stunt? The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/opinion/trump-coronavirus-vaccine.html
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Nuzzo, J. B., & Sharfstein, J. M. (2020, July 1). Opinion | We Have to Focus on Opening Schools, Not Bars. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/01/opinion/coronavirus-schools.html
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www.fastcompany.com www.fastcompany.com
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Sorokanich, L., Sorokanich, L., & Sorokanich, L. (2020, June 16). Six experts on how we’ll live, work, and play in cities after COVID-19. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90506247/six-experts-on-how-well-live-work-and-play-in-cities-after-covid
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Barrett, L. F. (2020, July 8). Opinion | College Courses Online Are Disappointing. Here’s How to Fix Them. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/08/opinion/college-reopening-online-classes.html
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science.sciencemag.org science.sciencemag.org
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Thorp, H. H. (2020). Persuasive words are not enough. Science, 368(6498), 1405–1405. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd4085
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www.reddit.com www.reddit.com
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r/BehSciResearch - From social licencing of contact tracing to political accountability: Input sought on next wave of representative surveys in Germany, Spain, and U.K. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved June 18, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/hbaj58/from_social_licencing_of_contact_tracing_to/
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uclaspecialevents.ucla.edu uclaspecialevents.ucla.edu
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How will artists help us through this? (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2020, from http://uclaspecialevents.ucla.edu/arts-resilience
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Miyoshi, S., Jusup, M., & Holme, P. (2020). Flexible imitation mechanisms suppress epidemics through better vaccination. ArXiv:2009.00443 [Physics, q-Bio]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.00443
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News, A. B. C. (n.d.). Getting COVID-19 and the flu at the same time: What are the risks? ABC News. Retrieved September 2, 2020, from https://abcnews.go.com/Health/covid-19-flu-time-risks/story?id=72520950
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twitter.com twitter.comTwitter1
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Stephen Griffin on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved September 2, 2020, from https://twitter.com/SGriffin_Lab/status/1300572439374630917
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Rodriguez, C. G., Gadarian, S. K., Goodman, S. W., & Pepinsky, T. (2020). Morbid Polarization: Exposure to COVID-19 and Partisan Disagreement about Pandemic Response [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wvyr7
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- Aug 2020
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Carroll, P. (2020, August 20). The Cognitive Biases Behind Society’s Response to COVID-19 | Patrick Carroll. https://fee.org/articles/the-cognitive-biases-behind-societys-response-to-covid-19/
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Smeeth, L. (2020, June 8). Without public faith in government actions, the UK will never beat Covid-19 | Liam Smeeth. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/08/public-faith-government-policy-covid-19
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Marcus, J. (2020, August 15). The Fun Police Should Stand Down. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/08/containing-the-pandemic-isnt-a-job-for-cops/615298/
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Dynamics of Social Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13376/
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osf.io osf.io
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Pickup, M., Stecula, D., & van der Linden, C. (2020). Novel coronavirus, old partisanship: COVID-19 attitudes and behaviors in the United States and Canada [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/5gy3d
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Vlasceanu, M., & Coman, A. (2020). Information Sources Differentially Trigger Coronavirus-Related Belief Change [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5xkst
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Stay-At-Home Orders, Social Distancing and Trust. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13234/
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www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com www.journalofsurgicalresearch.com
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Chang, D. C., & Stapleton, S. M. (2020). Response: The Proliferation and Misinterpretation of “As Safe As” Statements in Surgical Science: A Call for Professional Discourse to Search for a Solution. Journal of Surgical Research, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.074
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Neeley, L. (2020, March 31). How to Talk About the Coronavirus. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/03/how-talk-about-coronavirus/609118/
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www.youtube.com www.youtube.com
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Flat Earth “Science”—Wrong, but not Stupid. (2020, August 22). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8DQSM-b2cc
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meta.stackexchange.com meta.stackexchange.com
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Can't upvote this enough. It is highly irritating to see language destroyed (and we wonder why kids bastardize the language..).
Tags
- correctness
- even if majority makes a mistake; it doesn't make it correct
- hoping/trying to convince others that your view/opinion/way is right by consistently sticking to it despite many being ignorant/mistaken/unaware/holding different opinion
- example of: using incorrect terms
- combating widespread incorrectness/misconception by consistently doing it correctly
Annotators
URL
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www.latimes.com www.latimes.com
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C. L., & Print. (2020, August 14). Op-Ed: We rely on science. Why is it letting us down when we need it most? Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2020-08-14/replication-crisis-science-cancer-memory-rewriting
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Horstmann, K. T., Buecker, S., Krasko, J., Kritzler, S., & Terwiel, S. (2020). Who does or does not use the “Corona-Warn-App” and why? [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/e9fu3
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Paris, Marseille named as high-risk COVID zones, making curbs likelier. (2020, August 14). Reuters. https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-france-idUKKCN25A0LC
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www.rawstory.com www.rawstory.com
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Gettys, T. (n.d.). ‘Listening to experts is elitist’: Idaho Republicans move to strip power from public health officials. Retrieved 12 August 2020, from https://www.rawstory.com/2020/08/listening-to-experts-is-elitist-idaho-republicans-move-to-strip-power-from-public-health-officials/
Tags
- lang:en
- USA
- health policy
- is:article
- expert opinion
- Idaho
- health care access
- coronavirus
- public health
- public policy
- COVID-19
Annotators
URL
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Mandavilli, A. (2020, July 22). Can You Get Covid-19 Again? It’s Very Unlikely, Experts Say. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/health/covid-antibodies-herd-immunity.html
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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The COVID-19 Crisis and Telework: A Research Survey on Experiences, Expectations and Hopes. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 7, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13229/
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covid-19.iza.org covid-19.iza.org
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Firm-level Expectations and Behavior in Response to the COVID-19 Crisis. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13253/
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- Jul 2020
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bugs.ruby-lang.org bugs.ruby-lang.org
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If you're having to look at GitHub, it seems like you didn't find a situation yourself where the requested feature would make you happier. I would advice you not to attempt to find use cases beforehand, just let them find you.
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osf.io osf.io
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Vachuska, K. (2020). Initial Effects of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Racial Prejudice in the United States: Evidence from Google Trends [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/bgpk3
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osf.io osf.io
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Sevi, S., Aviña, M. M., Péloquin-Skulski, G., Heisbourg, E., Vegas, P., Coulombe, M., Arel-Bundock, V., Loewen, P. J., & Blais, A. (2020). Logarithmic vs. Linear Visualizations of COVID-19 Cases Do Not Affect Citizens’ Support for Confinement [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/h6z4f
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osf.io osf.io
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Frega, R. (2020). Out of the lockdown: Democratic trust in the management of epidemic crises [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/xcm7y
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Pârvulescu, R. A. (2020). Engineering Your Judiciary, or How the COVID Crisis Won’t Go To Waste. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/yrtfb
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Basu, A., Roy, A., Hazra, A. K., & Pramanick, K. (2020). Analysis of youths’ perspective in India on and during the pandemic of Covid-19 [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4qhgd
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www.profgalloway.com www.profgalloway.com
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Galloway, S. (n.d.). NYU professor Scott Galloway predicts hundreds of universities will shutter, possibly for good, if they reopen in the fall. Business Insider. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://www.businessinsider.com/scott-galloway-colleges-must-cut-costs-to-survive-covid-2020-7
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Henry Grabar on Twitter: “I hope the pundits who said that New Yorkers got Covid because of density, the subway, or apartment buildings (NY’s own self-serving governor among them!) take a moment to reflect on how much damage that opinion did” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 17, 2020, from https://twitter.com/henrygrabar/status/1282323146218123266
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Grabar, H. (2020, April 17). Nothing About New York’s Outbreak Was Inevitable. Slate Magazine. https://slate.com/business/2020/04/coronavirus-new-york-city-outbreak-blame.html
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Yildirim, U. (2020). Disparate Impact Pandemic Framing Decreases Public Concern For Health Consequences [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/rs3va
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osf.io osf.io
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Haman, M. (2020). The use of Twitter by state leaders and its impact on the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/u4maf
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This improved readability
Not really. How?
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osf.io osf.io
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Semple, F. F., & Mayne-Semple, D. (2020). Year 10 and 12 school students’ opinions on returning to partial schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic: An action research prospective survey [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/mdjsn
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osf.io osf.io
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Aksoy, C. G., Eichengreen, B., & Saka, O. (2020). The Political Scar of Epidemics [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/p25nh
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osf.io osf.io
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Herzberg-Druker, E., Tali, K., & Yaish, M. (2020). Work and Families in Times of Crisis: The Case of Israel in the Coronavirus Outbreak [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/fxs64
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Rheault, L., & Musulan, A. (2020). Explaining Support for COVID-19 Cell Phone Contact Tracing. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/8wcgz
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Fuhrer, J., & Cova, F. (2020). “Quick and dirty”: Intuitive cognitive style predicts trust in Didier Raoult and his hydroxychloroquine-based treatment against COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ju62p
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news.bme.com news.bme.com
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As Shannon Larratt is interviewing Stalking Cat, he brings up a point that's quite interesting to me, and entirely relevant to the idea of privacy and unwanted celebrity we discussed earlier in this course.
SL: "... uh you do- you do go to a fair number of tattoo conventions, and you must experience at least a minor celebrity status while you're there."
SC: "Well, you know, in fact, I've only been to a couple conventions-"
SL: "I guess- I guess it's just every one you go to, they will always photo you."
SC: "Right, and my pictures have been plastered all over the place, and uh, it, in a way kind of irritates me, because these people're making money off of something I've spent a great deal of time doing, and I haven't gotten a dime out of it."
SL: "Mmhmm."
SC: "But uh, and uh, and they're basically using my picture to get themselves famous."
SL: "Mmhmm."
SC: "Or to get publicised."
SL: "Yeah."
SC: "But again, I did this for me, not for other people."
SL: "Mmhmm."
There's also been a positive side to this, as it encouraged self-expression amongst the public, and while not exactly normalising it, it allowed people who needed to do stuff like this to accept it and go for it. (But not those who are doing it as a trend.)
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Baumann, F., Lorenz-Spreen, P., Sokolov, I. M., & Starnini, M. (2020). Emergence of polarized ideological opinions in multidimensional topic spaces. ArXiv:2007.00601 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2007.00601
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Kelly, J. (2020, July 2). In defence of the U-turn – in politics and life. https://www.ft.com/content/f34fbf9e-81ee-4a0d-ae12-c236828b5c91
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Malka, A., Lelkes, Y., Bakker, B. N., & Spivack, E. (2020). Who is Open to Authoritarian Governance within Western Democracies? [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/m8ze5
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- Jun 2020
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Khan, S., & Hult Khazaie, D. (2020). Social Psychology and Pandemics: Exploring Consensus about Research Priorities and Strategies using the Delphi Method [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/yhw74
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wangjohn.github.io wangjohn.github.io
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This means you no longer have to declare inverse_of on two associations which have good names.
... which have good names.
This implies that those names where the inverse_of cannot automatically be inferred are bad names. I disagree that a "good name" is at all related/dependent on that ability.
What they should say here instead is:
... which have names that allow the relationship to be easily inferred.
Or refer to these names as the "default" or "Rails conventional" names for these associations.
But it is not necessarily a better name. A better name is, quite often, one that is more descriptive and specific.
For example, just because by default if you use
rails generate
with a User model, it might (I don't remember; can it even generate associations?) create abelongs_to :user
association doesn't mean that's the best name for it.belongs_to :author
orbelongs_to :owner
, for example, being more specific, are likely better names. The model still needs a generic name likeUser
because it may be used in various relationships, but the relationships themselves should pretty much never be calleduser
because there's almost always a more specific name that better reveals/describes the relationship.
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Un planteamiento semejante impulsa a tener en cuenta la posibilidad de consecuencias imprevistas, a hacer explí-citos los aspectos normativos que se esconden en las decisiones técnicas, a reconocer la necesidad de puntos de vista plurales y aprendizaje colectivo
Esta idea está relacionada con la referencia a la novela Hyperión, la inteligencia artificial que determinó que para seguir evolucionando necesitaba un par que lo confrontara en debate.
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www.bmj.com www.bmj.com
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McCullough, M. (2020). Ethical decision making in a pandemic: Where are the voices of vulnerable people? BMJ, 369. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2406
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Nick Brown on Twitter: “Some interesting (to me) details about the retracted Clark et al. article. One thread per detail. This is thread #1: The preregistration. (There may only be one thread, depending on my motivation levels; it’s a beautiful day here and the park beckons.) /1 https://t.co/CT4LAaN1pg” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 19, 2020, from https://twitter.com/sTeamTraen/status/1273615371375988737
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www.scientificamerican.com www.scientificamerican.com
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Sathya, C. (2020, June 17). Pandemic-Related Gun Purchases Raise Suicide Risks. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pandemic-related-gun-purchases-raise-suicide-risks/
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Corona-Umfrage: Soll der Lockdown weitergehen? (2020, April 15). BR24. https://www.br.de/nachrichten/deutschland-welt/corona-umfrage-soll-der-lockdown-weitergehen,Rw8r84L
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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Bertoncello, C., Ferro, A., Fonzo, M., Zanovello, S., Napoletano, G., Russo, F., Baldo, V., & Cocchio, S. (2020). Socioeconomic Determinants in Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Refusal in Italy. Vaccines, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8020276
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Gencoglu, O., & Gruber, M. (2020). Causal Modeling of Twitter Activity During COVID-19. ArXiv:2005.07952 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.07952
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www.annualreviews.org www.annualreviews.org
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Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing Theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054
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oxfordre.com oxfordre.com
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Oxley, Z. (2020, May 29). Framing and Political Decision Making: An Overview. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1250
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forums.phpfreaks.com forums.phpfreaks.com
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I know you acknowledged your response was late and you're just trying to help but please don't resurrect very old threads.
This is better than creating a duplicate new thread.
There is no better place to respond to an existing topic than in the existing thread for that topic.
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medium.com medium.com
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Pigliucci, M. (2020, May 19). No, predictions are not overrated. On some scientists’ strange attitude toward philosophy. Medium. https://medium.com/science-and-philosophy/no-predictions-are-not-overrated-on-some-scientists-strange-attitude-toward-philosophy-60dfd5c2cb83
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Kristof, N. (2020, May 20). Opinion | Let’s Remember That the Coronavirus Is Still a Mystery. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/20/opinion/us-coronavirus-reopening.html
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api.rubyonrails.org api.rubyonrails.org
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This is a poor solution
What's so bad about this solution? If it works, it works. And it only requires wrapping in 1 additional block. Pretty simple.
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- May 2020
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Duffy, B. (2020, May 26). Coronavirus:growing divisions over the UK government's response. https://www.kcl.ac.uk/policy-institute/assets/coronavirus-growing-divisions-over-uk-government-response.pdf
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www.nytimes.com www.nytimes.com
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Bajak, A., & Howe, J. (2020, May 14). Opinion | A Study Said Covid Wasn’t That Deadly. The Right Seized It. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/14/opinion/coronavirus-research-misinformation.html
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www.wired.com www.wired.com
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Porter, E. & Wood. T.J. (2020 May 14). Why is Facebook so afraid of checking facts? Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/why-is-facebook-so-afraid-of-checking-facts/
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Because the conditional connectives thus complicate the formal reasoning about programs, they are better avoided.
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Sorrell, M. J. (2020, May 15). Colleges Are Deluding Themselves. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/colleges-that-reopen-are-making-a-big-mistake/611485/
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www.theguardian.com www.theguardian.com
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Fraser, N., Neiman, S., Mouffe, C., Sassen, S., Müller, J.-W., Rodrik, D., Piketty, T., Zucman, G., Chang, H.-J., & others, and many. (2020, May 15). Humans are not resources. Coronavirus shows why we must democratise work | Thomas Piketty and others. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/15/humans-resources-coronavirus-democratise-work-health-lives-market
Tags
- opinion
- lang:en
- employee
- work
- human resource
- dignity
- capitalism
- is:webpage
- business
- human rights
- COVID-19
- democratization
- economy
- health
Annotators
URL
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Taber, S. (2019, September 18). The Problem With Sugar-Daddy Science. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/09/problem-sugar-daddy-science/598231/
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Oster, E. (2020, May 14). The ‘Just Stay Home’ Message Will Backfire. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/just-stay-home-message-will-backfire/611623/
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@DFRLab. (2020, May 14). Op-Ed: The criminalization of COVID-19 clicks and conspiracies. Medium. https://medium.com/dfrlab/op-ed-the-criminalization-of-covid-19-clicks-and-conspiracies-3af077f5a7e7
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blogs.bmj.com blogs.bmj.com
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Grote, H. & Izagaren, F. (2020 May 7). Covid-19: The communication needs of D/deaf healthcare workers and patients are being forgotten. The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/05/07/push-universal-mask-wearing-communication-needs-deaf-forgotten/
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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the choices humans make are dictated by forces beyond their control
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www.nyteknik.se www.nyteknik.se
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Forskare: ”Se upp med komplexa coronamodeller – de kan överträffa verkligheten”. (2020 April 24). Ny Teknik. https://www.nyteknik.se/opinion/forskare-se-upp-med-komplexa-coronamodeller-de-kan-overtraffa-verkligheten-6994339
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twitter.com twitter.com
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Susan Michie - Twitter
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www.theatlantic.com www.theatlantic.com
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Varmus, H. (2020, May 9). The World Doesn’t Yet Know Enough to Beat the Coronavirus. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/lack-testing-holding-science-back/611422/
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psyarxiv.com psyarxiv.com
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Ballew, M. T., Bergquist, P., Goldberg, M., Gustafson, A., Kotcher, J., Marlon, J. R., … Leiserowitz, A. (2020, April 20). American Public Responses to COVID-19, April 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/qud5t
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featuredcontent.psychonomic.org featuredcontent.psychonomic.org
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Hill, H. (2020 April 9). COVID-19: Does the British public condone cell phone data being used to monitor social distancing? Psychonomic Society. https://featuredcontent.psychonomic.org/covid-19-does-the-british-public-condone-cell-phone-data-being-used-to-monitor-social-distancing/
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Martins, A. C. R. (2020). Extremism definitions in opinion dynamics models. ArXiv:2004.14548 [Nlin, Physics:Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.14548
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www.iubenda.com www.iubenda.com
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A real-world example of this would be an e-commerce site that allows users to “hold” items in their cart while they’re using the site or for the duration of a session. In this scenario, the technical cookies are both necessary for the functioning of the purchasing service and are explicitly requested by the user when they indicate that they would like to add the item to the cart. Do note, however, that these session-based technical cookies are not tracking cookies.
I'm not sure I agree with this:
[the technical cookies] are explicitly requested by the user when they indicate that they would like to add the item to the cart.
The only thing they requested was that the item be held in a cart for them. They didn't explicitly request that cookies be used to store information about items in the cart. They most likely don't understand all of the options for how to store data like this, and certainly wouldn't know or expect specifically that cookies be used for this.
In fact, localStorage could be used instead. If it's a single-page app, then even that would be necessary; it could all be kept in page-local variables until they checked out (all on the same page); such that reloading the page would cause the cart data held in those variables to be lost.
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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Motion Picture Association of America Chairman Chris Dodd stated that the coordinated shutdown was "an abuse of power given the freedoms these companies enjoy in the marketplace today."
It's not an abuse of power. It's free speech. It's protesting against an awful proposed law.
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Pham, T. M., Kondor, I., Hanel, R., & Thurner, S. (2020). The effect of social balance on social fragmentation. ArXiv:2005.01815 [Nlin, Physics:Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01815
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- Apr 2020
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Ces enquêtes mettent en évidence que les individus se sentent peu motivés au travail
Cheminement de l'auteur - étape 3 : nous passons notre temps dans des bureau et leur aménagement a un impact fort sur nous mais nous sommes très peu motivés. Et implicitement, l'auteur nous suggère que notre faible motivation est due uniquement au manque de plaisir. Citation de Gallup et Ipsos - argument rhétorique.
Ce qui nous laisse sur notre faim ici est le raccourci entre le manque de motivation et le marché du meuble. L'auteur nous laisse penser que l’aménagement de notre espace est le seul vecteur pour améliorer notre motivation. Or il serait intéressant de le mettre en perspective ce levier parmi d'autres.
Question de réflexion pour moi : lien entre motivation et plaisir d'apprendre
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Noorazar, H. (2020). Recent advances in opinion propagation dynamics: A 2020 Survey. ArXiv:2004.05286 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05286
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Perakslis, E. (2020). A Primer on Biodefense Data Science for Pandemic Preparedness. Patterns, 1(1), 100018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patter.2020.100018
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en.wikipedia.org en.wikipedia.org
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The terms open and standard have a wide range of meanings associated with their usage.
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www.techrepublic.com www.techrepublic.com
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there's no reasonable way to communicate effectively with the less technically minded without acquiescing to the nontechnical misuse of the term "hacker"
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The more easily relabeled of the two uses of the term "hacker" is the malicious security cracker: it is not only the more recent phenomenon to acquire that label, but also the one whose meaning is most easily evoked by an alternative term. This is why, when you read an article of mine that talks about malicious security crackers, I use the term "malicious security cracker"
Tags
- language: misuse of word
- popular misconceptions
- alternative to mainstream way
- communication
- acquiescing/giving in
- communicating with less technical people
- "hacker" vs. "cracker"
- hoping/trying to convince others that your view/opinion/way is right by consistently sticking to it despite many being ignorant/mistaken/unaware/holding different opinion
- language
Annotators
URL
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english.stackexchange.com english.stackexchange.com
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Now, if we think of the tasks that we perform throughout the day as consuming separate "bands" of time, then the term makes perfect sense. Being "out of bandwidth" would indicate that you do not have enough unallocated "bands of time" in your day to complete the task. Using the term bandwidth to describe time maps more closely (in my opinion) to the original definition, than the current definition describing data capacity does.
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github.com github.com
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There are a couple of similar packages for anyone who does not want to completely accept standard:
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support.google.com support.google.com
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For instance, if an IP address is sent with an ad request (which will be the case with almost any ad request as a consequence of internet protocols), that transmission will not breach any prohibition on sending PII to Google.
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Google interprets PII to exclude, for example: pseudonymous cookie IDs pseudonymous advertising IDs IP addresses
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data excluded from Google's interpretation of PII may still be considered personal data under the GDPR
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- Mar 2020
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www.sitepoint.com www.sitepoint.com
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Instead of re-opening Ruby classes like that (I get involuntary twitches), for our little exercise we are going to invent another name
IMHO, re-opening classes is okay. Certainly better than duplicating an entire core Ruby class and giving it a silly, less-meaningful name. (Though I'm not sure he actually intended people to use Lax instead of Lazy. I think he was just showing how easy it is to implement Lazy from scratch in Ruby.)
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Local file Local file
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After discussion with Xiao, I believe the tetramer hypothesis of TAZ-TEAD is not correct. Reasons:
- There are two TAZ-TEAD binding modes in the structure, 5gn0. And one is similar to the canonical YAP-TEAD structure, albeit TAZ has shorter loop between the alpha helix and omega loop.
- the CoIP result just shows that TAZ can form homodimer, which is induced by its coiled-coil segment. And such coiled-coil segament is far from the TEAD binding domain.
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- Jan 2020
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www.lexico.com www.lexico.com
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It’s therefore more accurate to describe a thumb as one of five digits that we have on each hand, rather than as a finger.
Tags
Annotators
URL
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allnurses.com allnurses.com
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So the thumb is considered a finger for the most part. We have 10 fingers and not 8 fingers and 2 thumbs.
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unix.stackexchange.com unix.stackexchange.com
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It is very common that the original poster ask for sed and replies using awk or perl appear. I think it is not on topic
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- Dec 2019
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mariammosleh.wordpress.com mariammosleh.wordpress.com
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Having to have open class discussions is one of the most effective tools of learning as it forces you to engage and ask questions about the theme or question presented. In addition, it opens you up to listening to other people’s opinions and thinking from different perspectives.
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- Oct 2019
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Mr Booth often uses his newspaper to rail against climate change
Oh good one - I can't believe you're only a work experience student - there's a bunch of people at the SMH who are highly-paid and you at least match them for mediocrity. Yes, the climate change mention should well and truly stir the juices of your readers and that's always preferable to the trend towards falling asleep mid-article. Do you think there should be a law against newspaper proprietors voicing their opinions because it never ever happens? (NOTE: And I know what you're thinking. Imagine having views and opinion that stray from a collective decision on what to believe - it would be such a hassle)
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outline.com outline.com
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Each of our core emotions had a distinct signalling role in our evolutionary past:
I like this clause, it sums up why moving past privacy and that fear of being watched is outdated and needs to literally be taken out of our biology.
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external environment
we should stop trying to fuck with the environment to improve our quality of life, rather engage in self improvement and advancement with the tech. knowledge we posses and making that work for us rather than sell it for entertainment or other forms of gratification that ultimately perpetuate suffering.
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- Sep 2019
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outline.com outline.com
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A “Veillance Contract,” for example, would deny the surveillant the right to use its recordings as evidence if it doesn’t allow others the right to make their own recordings.
I like this idea
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After the shooting, the police seized the four recordings of the event and reported that all were blank, even though transit officials had already viewed the shooting.
Well, surveillance will always be corrupted in a state that has institutionalized police and that mechanism of power, to reinforce the ideologies of the bousougie who design the socialization, views and perceived liberty/freedom.
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Is there not a conflict-of-interest inherent in one party being the curators of the recordings they make of highly contested disputes with other parties?
not in the case of true augmentation.
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So, while it may be easy to claim you don’t like being watched, it is sometimes the case that you actually want someone watching over you.
Could that be said for all people though? Is this sense of security only to make a certain group feel safe, none the less the people watching and the question of who's watching them. In my experience, only white people gain any type of comfort from this..
Tags
Annotators
URL
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scholarworks.gsu.edu scholarworks.gsu.edu
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Abstract
Abstract is a sales pitch and a guide; the authors summarize their entire paper into less than 100~200 words to draw you in and guide you throughout the rest of the paper.
This is a literature review on the relationship between the public opinion and foreign policy. The American public is, largely, regarded as uninterested and unaware of foreign policy. However, here the authors survey the literature and conclude that the public is able to hold a nuanced and coherent view on foreign policy and is able to make a voting decision based on this view.
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- May 2019
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Avoid importing online Anki decks. Similar to note taking, your own materials have better retention and comprehension.
I would definitely import relevant online Language decks filled with tons of glossaries on foreign languages i.e other's years of hard work, but yeah, I would not import others' programming/science notes/cards/decks for sure. ✌🏽
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- Dec 2018
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gutenberg.net.au gutenberg.net.auSanditon15
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sir
Mr. Heywood has a point regarding resort areas. Connecting this to modern day resorts, when these things pop up, the prices of everyday things are inflated. This results in the residents of the area not being able to afford to live there and become impoverished.
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see his partner.
Does this refer to a surgeon's assistant?
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For objections
Charlotte is surprised that Lady Denham's objections to having more people stay at her home are not based in her affection and duty toward Miss Clara, but because she doesn't want to pay her housemaids for doing the extra work involved.
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poor Mr. Hollis
Lady Denham obviously favored her second husband over her first, even though Mr. Hollis left her with an inheritance, which is much more useful than a title.
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Mr. Arthur Parker
Mr. Arthur Parker seems interested in the Miss Beauforts as earlier he thought a short walk to Trafalgar to be a lot of exercise, but he is willing to do a bit more to see the ladies. He is one of several single men in Sanditon and he is likely a contender to be a part of a marriage plot. This is assuming that, like all of Austen's other novels, Sanditon contains a marriage plot.
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unfavourably
The question is why Charlotte should view the meeting between Sir Edward and Miss Clara Brereton as bad for the latter. Is it because Charlotte already formed an unfavourable opinion of Sir Edward as being a lover of Miss Clara's while talking "nonsense" to Charlotte in order to annoy Clara and appear an admirer of hers too? Charlotte finds Sir Edward tiring and may think he is, despite his title, beneath Clara. However, Charlotte does note that Clara's poverty makes her acceptance of Sir Edward's attentions more understandable. If so, then Austen is acknowledging the need for women to consider economic benefits to marriage, while also possibly giving her support to the idea of love in marriage.
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having her distress
Camilla (1796) by Frances Burney, a popular romanticist novel. In Camilla, the titular character has many misadventures concerning love and relationships. This reference could either be a funny nod or light foreshadowing. Source).
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devotion to Clara
When considering class distinctions, it will be interesting to see how this relationship will play out.
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Charlotte
It is strange that Charlotte is accompanying the Parkers when her own parents only just met them. This plot point is similar to the moment that Catherine Morland stays with the Tilneys, even though her family doesn't know them at all.
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already
I personally find it odd that the gentleman (who notably has not yet been named) has no reaction to his sprained ankle and is able to speak so eloquently through the pain.
An article about Regency treatment for fractured bones:
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impropriety
Miss Diana Parker's request to ask Lady Denham for money for various people that she does not know from a woman she likely does not know very well seems very impolite. Also, considering how little Lady Denham likes to part with her money, Diana's comments would be particularly provoking.
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remove suspicion
This suspicion is in reference to Lady Denham thinking Charlotte has a desire to pursue Sir Edward, or that Charlotte may be misinterpreting Sir Edward's behaviour towards her believing he is forming an attachment to her. Lady Denham clearly wants to convey the message that Sir Edward is not available.
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an additional burden
This sentence is particularly cruel towards Clara, and represents a shift through free indiret discourse from the narrator's perspective to the perspectives of one of the characters. However, it is difficult to determine whether or not the opinion is that of Lady Denham or Mr. Parker.
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Charlotte listened
This chapter is extremely unusual. It's been almost entirely exposition, but now we're tossed back into a scene in which Charlotte is listening.
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Links to common words/themes throughout the annotations
Tags
- persuasion
- emma
- social commentary
- Diana Parker
- Opinion
- health
- synopsis
- Arthur Parker
- tone
- pride & prejudice
- Lady Denham
- geography
- sense & sensibility
- opinion
- northanger abbey
- predictions
- lady denham
- sir edward
- plot
- marriage plot
- poetry
- other austen
- mr parker
- austen lore
- Sir Edward
- reference
- Charlotte
- charlotte
- marriage market
- theme
- history
- clara
- prose
- character
- mansfield park
- vocab
Annotators
- MGraham03
- lchrysler
- alanahendy
- madileicart
- megmccrady11
- shohne
- JMorrison20
- ab3360
- jianasmith
- apachter
URL
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- Nov 2018
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www.the-hospitalist.org www.the-hospitalist.org
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“My first exposure to hospital medicine was through Drs. Chris Landrigan and Vinny Chiang as an intern in Boston. I was impressed by their clinical mastery and teaching. I then did my first research project with Chris, which led to a publication in Pediatrics. I had previously thought about intensive care or emergency medicine for fellowship, but I was excited about the general nature, growth opportunity, and ability to drive health system change in hospital medicine. I think that growth and ability to drive health system change in hospital medicine has grown exponentially since I finished residency, so the field has more than lived up to its potential and has more room to grow in terms of impact.”
Patrick Conway
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“I’ve been continually surprised at the growth of the field and SHM. My view has evolved from ‘Is this for real?’ to ‘How can hospital medicine make healthcare better for patients on a broad scale?’ The latter view has gone through iterations. We witnessed HM make hospitals more efficient, then we saw hospitalists drive safer, less harmful care. Most recently, hospitalists are embarking on deep change through alternative payment models like bundled payments. In terms of SHM, we endeavored to keep a ‘big tent’ since the many flavors of hospitalists all are united by a deep conviction to make hospitals safer, kinder, and higher-functioning places for the people inhabiting them—patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals. I’m humbled and gratified that we have been able to keep SHM a viable home for all hospitalists after 20 years.”
Win Whitcomb
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“I think the future of hospitalists is actually outside of the hospital and helping to keep patients healthy. Hospitalists are really good at taking care of the most sick, complex patients who are at the highest risk of healthcare utilization. While hospitalists predominantly do this for patients in the hospital, hospitalists are starting to play a larger role in post-acute care and trying to target interventions to improve health for high-risk patients. Not surprisingly, we are starting to see extensivist models, including Comprehensive Care Physicians, grow out of existing hospitalist groups.”
Vineet Arora
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“As I was finishing my residency in the mid 1990s, I told folks I wanted to find a job ‘only doing inpatient medicine.’ People laughed at me. Within five years, hospitalist medicine was developing on the East Coast, and people were no longer laughing. … Hospitalists will be at the center of this brave new world [of episodic care] since they assist in the liaising between patient, PCP, specialist, and acute-care provider. It is incumbent upon us to help explain things in a manner easily understood by the patient and to be committed to high-quality care with an eye for value and cost containment.”
Jill Slater Waldman
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“The hospitalist movement has been a remarkable success. I heard of it from my friend Bob Wachter and since then have learned much from him and many others. … Hospitalists have and will continue to play a key role in improving patient safety, quality, patient experience, value, and healthcare equity. SHM has taken a leadership role to help ensure hospitalists have the skills and resources to do this.”
Peter Pronovost
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“The emergence of the field of hospital medicine has been one of the most important developments for quality of care in hospitals over the past 20 years. Taking full advantage of this opportunity will require the field to broaden its focus from one that primarily emphasizes the care of patients while they are hospitalized to one that encompasses patients’ full trajectories through the continuum of care. To realize their full potential as quality improvement leaders, hospitalists will need to position themselves as experts in health system quality and safety. Specifically, they will need to take ownership of the vital processes of effectively communicating across transitions of care.”
Mark Chassin
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- Sep 2018
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cnx.org cnx.org
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City officials can actually help if they go out into the streets and ask real people what actually is going on. Something on blogs and on polls arent true, they dont always speak the truth. If they were to go out to communities and build relationships with people, they would have a clearer understanding of what is going on.
Tags
- City officials cannot fix problems if they do not know anything is wrong to begin with. Responding to public opinion polls, actively contributing to a political blog, or starting a new blog are all examples of different ways to be involved.
- group: F18-51-Hybrid
- https://hypothes.is/groups/q2jXEin4/f18-51-hybrid)
Annotators
URL
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- Jul 2018
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kclpure.kcl.ac.uk kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
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Integrating‘Omics’Approaches to PrioritizeNew PathogeneticMechanisms for MentalDisorders
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- Mar 2018
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I think textbook writers and publishers have the responsibility to tell learners that ています has more than one function.
In any kind of textbook, if there is an aspect to a concept which will cause confusion in the future, it should be covered, even if only in a footnote, so that the reader can study it on their own.
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- Feb 2018
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hypothes.is hypothes.is
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My daughter will be brought up to understand her true value. That’s a promise. As for all the little girls to be born around the world, the creation of these ads is an effort to show how imagination can change the conversation around their lives.
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- Nov 2017
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lidtfoundations.pressbooks.com lidtfoundations.pressbooks.com
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doctoral programs that are focused on preparing future faculty must consider the multiple responsibilities these young professionals will encounter as they enter the professoriate.
I whole heartily agree!
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instructure-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com instructure-uploads.s3.amazonaws.com
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flounder in ignorance
I don't like the notion of floundering in ignorance or sharing "our" self-evident truth. The understanding of the child is their self-evident truth. They are only ignorant to what is viewed as correct, their understandings are true and logical to them and should not be dismissed. This creates the deficit mindset and stalls learning
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- Oct 2017
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rampages.us rampages.us
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Anti-vaccinations groups, for example, have reliedon viral videos to sell the panic of vaccination side-effects
Unfortunately, this is very true. We can say the same about fake news. Such practices can contribute to hurting the validity of the overall data. The Twitter data is not collected with systematic investigation or systematic collection methods. This data collection method heavily relies on “public opinion”. I do think that if one wants to find general public sentiment or general public opinion, this is a great way to do it.
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- Sep 2017
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drive.google.com drive.google.com
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fifth grade as a year of remediation.
This is terrifying to think that 5th grade is considered almost a gateway grade for future success and thus requires remediation...
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www.english.illinois.edu www.english.illinois.edu
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Calling people out using the constructionist ideals — The American government is not living up to their high ideals.
Poetry as a way to express frustration when there is no way to go up against actual US military power. A weapon of the weak; a powerful message.
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- May 2017
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www.breitbart.com www.breitbart.com
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Or listen to honest experts like Professor Peter Ridd, a marine geophysicist from Australia’s James Cook University, who last year tried to blow the whistle on Great Barrier Reef fake news.
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- Feb 2017
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plantsinaction.science.uq.edu.au plantsinaction.science.uq.edu.au
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biochemical aspects of photosynthetic carbon reduction (Calvin cycle) are now comprehensively understood. The transduction of light energy into chemical potential energy is not so well understood, while events surrounding photosynthetic electron flow are defined in some detail and are described here, biophysical processes within the water-splitting apparatus of chloroplasts, and indeed the manner in which photons are captured and their quantum energy harnessed for photolysis, remain something of an enigma and fall outside the scope of our present account.
This is an interesting perspective on the state of the field. I've never thought about it this way.
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- Nov 2016
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www.lavanguardia.com www.lavanguardia.com
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Hillary Clinton es la personificación de la palabra establishment. Desde que en 1979 se convirtiera en la primera dama de Arkansas, su nombre ha sido sinónimo de política. Nunca fue una primera dama al uso, ella quería tener una voz propia, se negaba a ser la sombra de su marido, algo que siempre ha molestado entre los círculos conservadores. Se la ha acusado de impertinente, de antipática y de poco carismática. Pero lo que más molesta de Clinton es el secretismo con el que ha gestionado su carrera.
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- Oct 2016
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www.azcentral.com www.azcentral.com
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SB 1070, the 2010 “show me your papers” law that earned Arizona international condemnation and did nothing to resolve real problems with undocumented immigration.
Public opinion matters.
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- Sep 2016
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www.citylab.com www.citylab.com
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Sad but true: Not all officials who make decisions about public transit actually use public transit.
For once, this isn’t a buried lede.
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- Jul 2016
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youthvoices.net youthvoices.net
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Adults are looking down on teens who use marijuana because of the setting the teens are using them in.
i actually disagree because if u think about it marijuana is not all that bad. marijuana does have some effect but marijuana couldn't eat up your mind like that to use cocaine. i could be wrong but i also think people have different opinions
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- Jun 2016
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gawker.com gawker.com
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How’s your film history? When I say, “Fatty Arbuckle,” what comes to mind? The film comedian who raped a girl with a Coke bottle and killed her, right? When you do your homework, you discover not only that there was no Coke bottle, but that Arbuckle had nothing to do with the woman’s death and was fully exonerated in court.
The guy was totally innocent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roscoe_Arbuckle
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There is also the matter of the system that we—the liberal elite—are quietly creating in which all abuse claims are trusted at face value and any questioning of them is subsequently shamed. I understand that a big part of our culture, our rape culture, is founded on ignoring or disbelieving victims and the societal imperative among the sensitive and educated is to correct that. But without scrutiny even where it’s uncomfortable, we are putting justice at grave risk. So are abuse victims, thereby, at grave risk. Weide’s exercise strikes me as morally sound, at heart.
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- Oct 2015
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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AMPK activation led to the activation of Rac GTPase and the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC).
I don't necessarily agree with this.
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- Apr 2015
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www.socialsciencespace.com www.socialsciencespace.com
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Now some news organizations are instead placing higher value on being right even if that means not being first in reporting a story.
I have seen no evidence that this is true; in breaking stories, all sorts of misinformation is put out very quickly by all the major news outlets, just to be first it seems.
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- Feb 2014
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gap2.alexandriaarchive.org gap2.alexandriaarchive.org
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“We think,” they say, “that it is unjust to carry women off. But to be anxious to avenge rape is foolish: wise men take no notice of such things. For plainly the women would never have been carried away, had they not wanted it themselves.
Hdt. 1.4 Persian opinion of carrying women off and avenging rape.
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cyber.law.harvard.edu cyber.law.harvard.edu
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SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES _________________ No. 11 – 697
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www.lexisnexis.com www.lexisnexis.com
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What rationale is important to include in a brief? This is probably the most difficult aspect of the case to determine. Remember that everything that is discussed may have been relevant to the judge, but it is not necessarily relevant to the rationale of the decision. The goal is to remind yourself of the basic reasoning that the court used to come to its decision and the key factors that made the decision favor one side or the other.
Extraction. What rationale is important to include in a brief?
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Why highlight? Like annotating, highlighting may seem unimportant if you create thorough, well-constructed briefs, but highlighting directly helps you to brief. It makes cases, especially the more complicated ones, easy to digest, review and use to extract information. Highlighting takes advantage of colors to provide a uniquely effective method for reviewing and referencing a case. If you prefer a visual approach to learning, you may find highlighting to be a very effective tool.
Why highlight?
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In addition to making it easier to review an original case, annotating cases during the first review of a case makes the briefing process easier. With adequate annotations, the important details needed for your brief will be much easier to retrieve. Without annotations, you will likely have difficulty locating the information you seek even in the short cases. It might seem strange that it would be hard to reference a short case, but even a short case will likely take you at least fifteen to twenty-five minutes to read, while longer cases may take as much as thirty minutes to an hour to complete. No matter how long it takes, the dense material of all cases makes it difficult to remember all your thoughts, and trying to locate specific sections of the analysis may feel like you are trying to locate a needle in a haystack. An annotation in the margin, however, will not only swiftly guide you to a pertinent section, but will also refresh the thoughts that you had while reading that section.
Why annotate a legal brief?
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www.ucs.louisiana.edu www.ucs.louisiana.edu
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Dissent 1: Rehnquist (joined by White): A. "Liberty" not found in the Bill of Rights is not absolutely protected because RULE: the correct test for social and economic regulation is whether the law has "rational relation to a valid state objective." B. The majority ignores that rule. The trimester scheme is "judicial legislation" and historical legal prohibitions show abortion is "not so rooted in the traditions and conscience of our people as to be ranked fundamental" because the drafters of the 14th Amendment did not intend to limit the states' ability to regulate abortion. Dissent 2: White: A. There is "Nothing in the language or history of the Constitution to support the Court’s judgment," so the majority’s decision must be a "raw exercise of judicial power" that is "improvident and extravagant." B. The decision whether to allow abortions or not should be left to the people of the states and their legislatures—in other words, the political process.
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Concurrence 1: (Stewart): a right to abortion comes ONLY from 14th Am. "liberty," not "penumbra" of Bill of Rights. Concurrence 2: (Burger): there is a right to an abortion, but the court should give more leeway to medical safeguards. Concurrence 3: (Douglas): there is a right to abortion, but this comes from a BROAD right of privacy.
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Sample Model Case Brief (Should be ONE page (Typed) MAXIMUM!):
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lawschool.about.com lawschool.about.com
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How To Write a Case Brief
Global context of tags to inherit for this document
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Concurring/Dissenting Opinion: You don’t need to spend too much time on this part other than the pinpoint the concurring or dissenting judge’s main point of contention with the majority opinion and rationale. Concurring and dissenting opinions hold lots of law professor Socratic Method fodder, and you can be ready by including this part in your case brief.
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euro.ecom.cmu.edu euro.ecom.cmu.edu
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Concurri ng and/or Diss enting Opinio ns. Concurring and dissenting opinions (a.k.a. “concu rrence s” and “dissents”) are opinions by judges w ho did not se e entire ly e ye -to-ey e with the other judges of the court, and wish to express a slightly or even dramatically diff erent view of the case. In g en er al , a co nc ur ri ng op in io n i s a n o pi ni on by a judge who would have reached the same result as the majority, but f or a different reason. Dissenting opinions are opinions by judges who disagree with the majority’s result entirely. I n most cases, dissenting opinions try to persuade the reader that the majority ’s decision was simply incorre ct.
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www.lawnerds.com www.lawnerds.com
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The cases on the subject are collected in a footnote to Somerset Bank v. Edmund, 10 Am. & Eng. Ann. Cas. 726; 76 Ohio St. Rep. 396, the head-note to which reads: "Public policy and sound morals alike forbid that a public officer should demand or receive for services performed by him in the discharge of official duty any other or further remuneration or reward than that prescribed or allowed by law." This rule of public policy has been relaxed only in those instances where the legislature for sufficient public reason has seen fit by statute to extend the stimulus of a reward to the public without distinction, as in the case of United States v. Matthews, 173 U.S. 381, where the attorney-general, under an act for "the detection and prosecution of crimes against the United States," made a public offer of reward sufficiently liberal and generic to comprehend the services of a federal deputy marshal. Exceptions of that character upon familiar principles serve to emphasize the correctness of the rule, as one based upon sound public policy.
1) A public officer cannot demand or receive remuneration or a reward for carrying out the duty of his job as a matter of public policy and morality
2) However, it is not against public policy for a police officer to receive a reward in performance of his legal duty if the legislature passes a statute giving the reward to the public at large in furtherance of some public policy - such as preventing treason against the US.
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MINTURN, J. The plaintiff occupied the position of a special police officer, in Atlantic City, and incidentally was identified with the work of the prosecutor of the pleas of the county. He possessed knowledge concerning the theft of certain diamonds and jewelry from the possession of the defendant, who had advertised a reward for the recovery of the property. In this situation he claims to have entered into a verbal contract with defendant, whereby she agreed to pay him $500 if he could procure for her the names and addresses of the thieves. As a result of his meditation with the police authorities the diamonds and jewelry were recovered, and plaintiff brought this suit to recover the promised reward.
- Plaintiff makes a verbal contract with defendant. In return for $500, plaintiff will find defendant's stolen jewels.
- Plaintiff had knowledge of whereabouts of jewels at contract formation.
- Plaintiff is a special police officer and has dealings with prosecutor's office.
- Defendant published advertisement for reward.
- Plaintiff finds stolen goods and arranges return.
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The judgment below for that reason must be reversed.
Court reverses decision of lower court in favor of the plaintiff since he was characterized as a public official.
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The testimony makes it manifest that he was a special police officer to some extent identified with the work of the prosecutor's office, and that position, upon well-settled grounds of public policy, required him to assist, at least, in the prosecution of offenders against the law. The services he rendered, in this instance, must be presumed to have been rendered in pursuance of that public duty, and for its performance he was not entitled to receive a special quid pro quo.
Court finds sufficient evidence to characterize this fellow as a public official.
His interaction with the prosecutor's office weighed in as a factor in suggesting he had a legal duty.
Since he is characterized within the rule as a public official, he cannot, as a matter of law, receive a reward for the performance of his duties.
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The District Court, sitting without a jury, awarded plaintiff a judgment for the amount of the reward, and hence this appeal.
- Cop sues for reward money.
- District court awards money to the cop.
- Defendant appeals.
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Various points are discussed in the briefs, but to us the dominant and conspicuous inquiry in the case is, was the plaintiff, during the period of this transaction, a public officer, charged with the enforcement of the law?
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STEPHEN GRAY, RESPONDENT, v. THERESA D. MARTINO, APPELLANT Supreme Court of New Jersey 91 N.J.L. 462; 103 A. 24 February 2, 1918, Decided
Gray (cop) v. Martino (crime victim)
type: respondent
- role: cop
- abbrev: Gray
- name: Stephen Gray
type: appellant
- role: crime victim
- abbrev: Martino
- name: Theresa D. Martino
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Dicta Dicta refers to anything that isn't relevant to the case's holding. Often judges will use a case to expound upon their theories of the law. The theories may not be relevant to the case at hand, but it gives the judge a chance to give direction to the lower courts by putting the theory in writing. Dicta does not carry weight as a precedent. But it's useful to note how the court might have ruled given a different set of circumstances.
dicta refers to anything that isn't relevant to the case's holding.
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THE ELEMENTS OF BRIEFING Procedural History Legal Issue Facts of Case Statement of Rule Policy Dicta Reasoning Holding Concurrence Dissents
The Elements of Briefing
- Procedural History
- Legal Issue
- Facts of Case
- Statement of Rule
- Policy
- Dicta
- Reasoning
- Holding
- Concurrence
- Dissents
Tags
- judicial opinion
- public officer
- public official
- jargon
- analysis
- reasoning
- rule of law
- reward
- verbal contract
- facts
- police officer
- parties
- dicta
- elements
- holding
- facts of the case
- remuneration
- stolen goods
- sample brief
- contract formation
- prosecutors office
- advertisement
- reversal
- legal issue
- copyx
- procedural history
- legal brief
- structure
- student brief
Annotators
URL
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www2.gsu.edu www2.gsu.edu
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Reasoning The reasoning gives the reader insight into how the court arrived at its decision. It is instructive in nature. Courts often back their holdings with several lines of reasoning, each of which should be summarized in this section. Unnecessary repetition of facts or the issue should be avoided. A court�s rationale for its holding might be a simple explanation of its thought process. Alternatively, the reasoning might be based on the plain language of the statute, Congressional intent, the re-enactment doctrine, or other common means of resolving judicial disputes.
Several lines of reasoning may be used to back the Court's holdings and may be:
- a simple explanation of the Court's thought processes
- based on the plain language of the statute
- congressional intent
- re-enactment doctrine
- other common means of resolving judicial disputes (what are those?)
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Holding As the issue�s complement, the holding consists of two parts: (1) a “yes” or “no” conclusion to the brief�s issue and (2) the rule of law the court establishes. The rule of law is a guidepost that courts use to decide future cases based on the legal concept of stare decisis (judicial tendency to follow prior decisions).
The holding has two parts:
1) A decision on the legal issue (yes/no)
2) The rule of law the court establishes
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Beginning the issue with “are” or “is” often leads to a clearer and more concise expression of the issue than beginning it with “may,” “can,” “does,” or “should.” The latter beginnings may lead to vague or ambiguous versions of the issue. Examine the following alternative statements of the judicial issue from Aiken Industries, Inc. (TC, 1971), acq.: Issue 2 (Poor): Are the interest payments exempt from the withholding tax? Issue 2 (Poor): Should the taxpayer exempt the interest payments from withholding tax? In the first version of issue 2 above, to which interest payments and which withholding tax is the writer referring? The issue does not stand alone since it cannot be precisely understood apart from separately reading the brief�s facts. The extreme brevity leads to ambiguity. In the second version, the question can be interpreted as a moral or judgment issue rather than a legal one. Whether the taxpayer should do (or should not do) something may be a very different issue than the legal question of what the law requires. A legal brief, however, should focus on the latter. Rewriting issue 2 as follows leads to a clearer expression of the precise issue: Issue 2 (Better): Are interest payments exempt from the U.S. 30% withholding tax when paid to an entity established in a tax treaty country for no apparent purpose other than to escape taxation on the interest received?
Extreme brevity leads to ambiguity. The summary of the issue should be written to avoid opening the question to interpretation as a moral or judgment issue; instead focus on the legal question.
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Issues should be stated so that they “stand alone.” That is, issues should be completely understandable without reference to the facts or other sections of the brief or judicial decision. Use of the definite article “the” indicates that the issue does not stand alone when it alludes to prior information.
The summary of the issue should "stand alone" or be self-contained such that enough context and background is included in the summary to not have to refer to the document it came from.
I think this is an important pattern to use elsewhere, as well.
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www.law.uh.edu www.law.uh.edu
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dural issue : What is the appealing party claiming the lower court did wrong (e.g., ruling on evidence, jury instructions, granting of summary judgment, etc.)?
Procedural issue. What is the appealing party claimin ghte lower court did wrong:
- ruling on evidence
- jury instructions
- granting of summary judgment
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antive issue : A substantive statement of the issue consists of two parts -- i. the point of law in dispute ii. the key facts of the case re lating to that point of law in dispute (legally relevant facts) You must include the key facts from the case so that the issue is specific to that case. Typically, the disputed issue involves how the court applied some element of the pertinent rule to the facts of the specific case. Resolving the issue will determine the court’s disposition of the case.
- the point of law in dispute
- the key facts of the case relating to that point of law in dispute (legally relevant facts)
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b. Identify legally relevant facts, t hat is, those facts that tend to prove or disprove an issue before the court. The relevant facts tell what happened before the parties enter ed the judicial system. c. Identify procedurally significant facts. You should set out (1) the cause of action (C/A) (the law the plaintiff claimed was broken), (2) relief the plaintiff requested, (3) defenses, if any, the defendant raised.
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Identify the relationship/status of the parties (Note: Do not merely refer to the parties as the plai ntiff/defendant or appellant/appellee; be sure to also include more descr iptive generic terms to identify the relationship/status at issue, e.g., buyer/seller, employer/employee, landlord/tenant, etc.)
Identify the factual relationship of the parties, not just the procedural relationship.
Examples of procedural:
- plaintiff/defendant
- appellant/appellee
Examples of factual:
- buyer/seller
- employer/employee
- landlord/tenant
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Functions of case briefing A. Case briefing helps you acquire the skills of case analysis and legal reasoning. Briefing a case helps you understand it. B. Case briefing aids your memory. Briefs help you remember the cases you read (1) for class discussion, (2) fo r end-of-semester review for final examinations, and (3) for writing and analyzing legal problems.
Briefing a case helps you understand it and acquire skills of:
- case analysis
- legal reasoning
Case briefing is good for:
- aids memory
- class discussion
- end-of-semester review for final exams
- writing and analyzing legal problems
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nctions A. A case brief is a dissection of a judici al opinion -- it contains a written summary of the basic components of that decision. B. Persuasive briefs (trial and appella te) are the formal documents a lawyer files with a court in support of his or her client’s position
Distinctions
Tags
- substantive issue
- issues
- case brief
- judicial opinion
- jargon
- persuasive brief
- procedural issue
- facts
- parties
- procedural relationship
- purpose
- factual relationship
- relationship
- procedurally significant
- legally relevant
- function
- copyx
- distinction
- legal brief
- statement of facts
- student brief
- point of law in dispute
Annotators
URL
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www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu
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A CAUTIONARY NOTE Don’t brief the case until you have read it through at least once. Don’t think that because you have found the judge’s best purple prose you have necessarily extracted the essence of the decision. Look for unarticulated premises, logical fallacies, manipulation of the factual record, or distortions of precedent. Then ask, How does this case relate to other cases in the same general area of law? What does it show about judicial policymaking? Does the result violate your sense of justice or fairness? How might it have been better decided?
Read the case to identify:
- unarticulated premises
- logical fallacies
- manipulation of the factual record
- distortions of precedent.
Then ask:
How does this case relate to other cases in the same general area of law?
What does it show about judicial policymaking?
Does the result violate your sense of justice or fairness?
How might it have been better decided?
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- Jan 2014
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www.dataone.org www.dataone.org
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The Data Life Cycle: An Overview The data life cycle has eight components: Plan : description of the data that will be compiled, and how the data will be managed and made accessible throughout its lifetime Collect : observations are made either by hand or with sensors or other instruments and the data are placed a into digital form Assure : the quality of the data are assured through checks and inspections Describe : data are accurately and thoroughly described using the appropriate metadata standards Preserve : data are submitted to an appropriate long-term archive (i.e. data center ) Discover : potentially useful data are located and obtained, along with the relevant information about the data ( metadata ) Integrate : data from disparate sources are combined to form one homogeneous set of data that can be readily analyzed Analyze : data are analyzed
The lifecycle according to who? This 8-component description is from the point of view of only the people who obsessively think about this "problem".
Ask a researcher and I think you'll hear that lifecycle means something like:
collect -> analyze -> publish
or a more complex data management plan might be:
ask someone -> receive data in email -> analyze -> cite -> publish -> tenure
To most people lifecycle means "while I am using the data" and archiving means "my storage guy makes backups occasionally".
Asking people to be aware of the whole cycle outlined here is a non-starter, but I think there is another approach to achieve what we want... dramatic pause [to be continued]
What parts of this cycle should the individual be responsible for vs which parts are places where help is needed from the institution?
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An effective data management program would enable a user 20 years or longer in the future to discover , access , understand, and use particular data [ 3 ]. This primer summarizes the elements of a data management program that would satisfy this 20-year rule and are necessary to prevent data entropy .
Who cares most about the 20-year rule? This is an ideal that appeals to some, but in practice even the most zealous adherents can't picture what this looks like in some concrete way-- except in the most traditional ways: physical paper journals in libraries are tangible examples of the 20-year rule.
Until we have a digital equivalent for data I don't blame people looking for tenure or jobs for not caring about this ideal if we can't provide a clear picture of how to achieve this widely at an institutional level. For digital materials I think the picture people have in their minds is of tape backup. Maybe this is generational? New generations not exposed widely to cassette tapes, DVDs, and other physical media that "old people" remember, only then will it be possible to have a new ideal that people can see in their minds-eye.
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data entropy Normal degradation in information content associated with data and metadata over time (paraphrased from [ 2 ]).
I'm not sure what this really means and I don't think data entropy is a helpful term. Poor practices certainly lead to disorganized collections of data, but I think this notion comes from a time when people were very concerned about degradation of physical media on which data is stored. That is, of course, still a concern, but I think the term data entropy really lends itself as an excuse for people who don't use good practices to manage data and is a cover for the real problem which is a kind of data illiteracy in much the same way we also face computational illiteracy widely in the sciences. Managing data really is hard, but let's not mask it with fanciful notions like data entropy.
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blogs.law.harvard.edu blogs.law.harvard.edu
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the parties, the procedural posture, the facts, the issue , the h olding, and the analysis.
Parts of a judicial opinion identified in a student brief:
- parties
- procedural posture
- facts
- issues
- holding
- analysis
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When a law student briefs a case, he typically identifies several pieces of information: the parties, the procedural posture, the facts, the issue , the h olding, and the analysis. Although it seems foreign at first, identifying this information, understanding judicial opinions , and applying their reasoning to new cases becomes much easier with practice.
The legal brief described here is a student brief, not to be confused with an appellate brief; the distinction is described in more detail in How To Brief a Case.
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www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu
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Student brief A student brief is a short summary and analysis of the case prepared for use in classroom discussion. It is a set of notes, presented in a systematic way, in order to sort out the parties, identify the issues, ascertain what was decided, and analyze the reasoning behind decisions made by the courts. Although student briefs always include the same items of information, the form in which these items are set out can vary. Before committing yourself to a particular form for briefing cases, check with your instructor to ensure that the form you have chosen is acceptable.
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Appellate brief An appellate brief is a written legal argument presented to an appellate court. Its purpose is to persuade the higher court to uphold or reverse the trial court’s decision. Briefs of this kind are therefore geared to presenting the issues involved in the case from the perspective of one side only. Appellate briefs from both sides can be very valuable to anyone assessing the legal issues raised in a case. Unfortunately, they are rarely published. The U.S. Supreme Court is the only court for which briefs are regularly available in published form. The Landmark Briefs series (REF. LAW KF 101.9 .K8) includes the full texts of briefs relating to a very few of the many cases heard by this court. In addition, summaries of the briefs filed on behalf of the plaintiff or defendant for all cases reported are included in the U.S. Supreme Court Reports. Lawyer’s Ed., 2nd. series (REF. LAW KF 101 .A42).
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Confusion often arises over the term “legal brief.” There are at least two different senses in which the term is used.
Two different sense of the term legal brief are described here: appellate brief and student brief.
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