dye to grace her,
The author implies falseness in their lover, since she appears as a lily, but masks herself in another flower's coloring.
dye to grace her,
The author implies falseness in their lover, since she appears as a lily, but masks herself in another flower's coloring.
whether?
In calling their (female) lover a 'lecher', the author not only implies a gross unchasteness, they imply a masculinity, since lecher was most frequently applied to men.
Lindiwe Mazibuko. (2021, November 27). When literally every country “banning” you has a higher infection rate 🙄 https://t.co/NZMuf9Pfx5 [Tweet]. @LindiMazibuko. https://twitter.com/LindiMazibuko/status/1464539078611939333
News, B. N. O. (2021, November 26). Tracking COVID-19 variant Omicron. BNO News. https://bnonews.com/index.php/2021/11/omicron-tracker/
Art Poon. (2021, November 28). Our first https://filogeneti.ca/CoVizu update with B.1.1.529. As expected, number of mutations is well over molecular clock prediction (~13 diffs). Relatively low numbers of identical genomes implies large number of unsampled infections. We update every two days from GISAID. https://t.co/m8w2CjL1c0 [Tweet]. @art_poon. https://twitter.com/art_poon/status/1465001066194481162
Eric Feigl-Ding. (2021, December 2). A rise in possible #Omicron in England—Tripling (0.1 to 0.3) of S-Gene dropout PCR signal, which is a proxy for Omicron (before 🧬 sequencing confirms). @_nickdavies estimates this represents around ~60 cases in 🏴. Still early—But it displacing #DeltaVariant is not good sign. 🧵 https://t.co/4aIiqiVsqH [Tweet]. @DrEricDing. https://twitter.com/DrEricDing/status/1466234026843205637
gianluca c 🏴☠️🇻🇪 #TeamFauci #MaskUp #no GBD. (2021, November 29). Gauteng just updated 47 week and its shit https://t.co/yu5aLzwoJE [Tweet]. @gianlucac1. https://twitter.com/gianlucac1/status/1465300644336738308
Grimmer & Stewart (2013) - Text as Data: The Promise and Pitfalls of Automatic ContentAnalysis Methods for Political Texts
Nelson (2020) - Computational Grounded Theory: A Methodological Framework
BNO Newsroom. (2021, November 26). South Africa reports 2,828 new coronavirus cases, an increase of 258% from last week, with a positivity rate of 9.1% [Tweet]. @BNODesk. https://twitter.com/BNODesk/status/1464280278197846025
Wise, J. (2021). Headlines play down the gravity of covid-19 in children. BMJ, 375, n2826. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2826
Sustainability window analysis is based on the advanced sustainability analysis (ASA) approach. The ASA approach was developed in Finland Futures Research Centre [31,32,33] providing a general framework for analyzing sustainability.
Include this in a comparative analysis of other methodologies such as Hoornweg, Hachaichi, R3.0 Thresholds and Allocations, etc.
Prof. Christina Pagel. (2021, November 24). Meanwhile AY.4.2 (Delta grandchild) continues its very slow path to English dominance. Makes life a bit harder by being a bit more transmissible but luckily doesn’t seem any worse than Delta in any other respect. Https://t.co/kB0V0Z66GT [Tweet]. @chrischirp. https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1463508172941967365
Weale, S., & Campbell, D. (2021, November 23). Covid jab wait for 12- to 15-year-olds in England could be up to five months. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/23/covid-jab-wait-for-12--to-15-year-olds-in-england-could-be-up-to-five-months
Charles #GetCovered-ba 🩺. (2021, November 13). America 2021 in one image. Https://t.co/SuTCkCp2Pm [Tweet]. @charles_gaba. https://twitter.com/charles_gaba/status/1459565881214836743
European Commission 🇪🇺. (2021, November 23). Data shows us that the higher the vaccination rate, the lower the death rate. #COVID19 #VaccinesWork https://t.co/mORrrQOPsj [Tweet]. @EU_Commission. https://twitter.com/EU_Commission/status/1463119478099693571
analyse
structure of the measurement and analysis
Jeffrey Barrett. (2021, October 19). Proportion of AY.4.2 (now on http://covid19.sanger.ac.uk) has been steadily increasing in England, which is a pattern that is quite different from other AY lineages. Several of them rose when there was still Alpha to displace, but none has had a consistent advantage vs other Delta. Https://t.co/mD5gQzKxgV [Tweet]. @jcbarret. https://twitter.com/jcbarret/status/1450408485829718039
Qualitative content analysis
Smith, C., Odd, D., Harwood, R., Ward, J., Linney, M., Clark, M., Hargreaves, D., Ladhani, S. N., Draper, E., Davis, P. J., Kenny, S. E., Whittaker, E., Luyt, K., Viner, R., & Fraser, L. K. (2021). Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year. Nature Medicine, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01578-1
Schreiber, M. (2021, October 16). US throws out millions of doses of Covid vaccine as world goes wanting. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/16/us-throws-out-millions-doses-covid-vaccine-world-shortages
BK Titanji #ILookLikeAScientist. (2021, November 2). I simply can’t get over this graph @FT https://t.co/Uozp7yBs9n [Tweet]. @Boghuma. https://twitter.com/Boghuma/status/1455493059534376963
Linda Clauson. (2021, November 6). Join us for the Scope and Scale of Online Intimidation: How social media is a tool for both supporting and disrupting the circulation of credible info and analysis. With @CaulfieldTim, @whkchun @gruzd @JuliaMWrightDal Register here: Https://events.myconferencesuite.com/RSC_COEE2021/reg/landing https://t.co/SY4ZjGF2Me [Tweet]. @lindaz_clauson. https://twitter.com/lindaz_clauson/status/1457067508171780105
Gurdasani, D., Bhatt, S., Costello, A., Denaxas, S., Flaxman, S., Greenhalgh, T., Griffin, S., Hyde, Z., Katzourakis, A., McKee, M., Michie, S., Ratmann, O., Reicher, S., Scally, G., Tomlinson, C., Yates, C., Ziauddeen, H., & Pagel, C. (2021). Vaccinating adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 in England: A risk–benefit analysis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 01410768211052589. https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768211052589
Kovacs, M., Hoekstra, R., & Aczel, B. (2021). The Role of Human Fallibility in Psychological Research: A Survey of Mistakes in Data Management. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 4(4), 25152459211045930. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459211045930
A great analytic resource!
Henk-Jan Westeneng on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved November 2, 2021, from https://twitter.com/HJWesteneng/status/1455304431038308352 i
Dr. Thomas Wilckens. (2021, October 31). JCVI facing calls from within for greater transparency over decision-making https://buff.ly/3GwVqCZ JCVI has been criticised for failing to publish detailed minutes, modelling and analysis behind its decision to advise vaccinating all over-16s in Britain #covid19 #coronavirus https://t.co/nWbnvci7LI [Tweet]. @Thomas_Wilckens. https://twitter.com/Thomas_Wilckens/status/1454798820156530689
Code, A., Fox, L., Asbury, K., & Toseeb, U. (2021). How did Autistic Children, and their Parents, Experience School Transition during the COVID-19 Pandemic? PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8kzsn
Else, H. (2021). Giant, free index to world’s research papers released online. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02895-8
Users are only counted in the steps they complete in the specified sequence. If the user misses a step, they fall out of the funnel and aren't counted in any subsequent steps.
Hulme, W. J., Williamson, E. J., Green, A., Bhaskaran, K., McDonald, H. I., Rentsch, C. T., Schultze, A., Tazare, J., Curtis, H. J., Walker, A. J., Tomlinson, L., Palmer, T., Horne, E., MacKenna, B., Morton, C. E., Mehrkar, A., Fisher, L., Bacon, S., Evans, D., … Goldacre, B. (2021). Comparative effectiveness of ChAdOx1 versus BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines in Health and Social Care workers in England: A cohort study using OpenSAFELY [Preprint]. Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.13.21264937
Leaving there and proceeding for three days toward the east, you reach Diomira, a city with sixty silver domes, bronze statues of all the gods, streets paved with lead, a crystal theater, a golden cock that crows each morning on a tower.
https://thirdmanifestation.wordpress.com/chapter-i-overview/diomira/ referring to the Bible, Jacques Lacan and other thinkers.
How online misinformation spreads. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2021, from https://knowablemagazine.org/article/society/2021/how-online-misinformation-spreads
China’s ‘zero Covid’ vs Singapore’s ‘living with it’: Rapid low-cost testing could mean we don’t need to choose | South China Morning Post. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3152167/chinas-zero-covid-vs-singapores-living-it-rapid-low-cost-testing
Iacobucci, G. (2021). Covid and flu: What do the numbers tell us about morbidity and deaths? BMJ, n2514. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2514
John Roberts on Twitter: “154k booster 💉reported today in 🏴, bringing the total to 1.58m, out of 4.56m. So that’s another 3m eligible for a jab as soon as they can be scheduled in. 1/ https://t.co/tw1JmrOiUo” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://twitter.com/john_actuary/status/1445785517774176262
Covid and Age—The New York Times. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/12/briefing/covid-age-risk-infection-vaccine.html
Covid booster shots important to stop infection, finds English study | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/14/covid-booster-shots-important-to-stop-infection-finds-english-study
Gurdasani, Deepti. ‘Vaccinating Adolescents in England: A Risk-Benefit Analysis’. OSF Preprints, 4 August 2021. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/grzma.
Study: Myocarditis risk 37 times higher for children with COVID-19 than uninfected peers | American Academy of Pediatrics. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://www.aappublications.org/news/2021/08/31/covid-myocarditis-risk-children-083121
Shih, S.-F., Wagner, A. L., Masters, N. B., Prosser, L. A., Lu, Y., & Zikmund-Fisher, B. J. (2021). Vaccine Hesitancy and Rejection of a Vaccine for the Novel Coronavirus in the United States. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 558270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.558270
Emary, K. R. W., Golubchik, T., Aley, P. K., Ariani, C. V., Angus, B., Bibi, S., Blane, B., Bonsall, D., Cicconi, P., Charlton, S., Clutterbuck, E. A., Collins, A. M., Cox, T., Darton, T. C., Dold, C., Douglas, A. D., Duncan, C. J. A., Ewer, K. J., Flaxman, A. L., … Pollard, A. J. (2021). Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7): an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00628-0
https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)00628-0/fulltext
Sah, P., Fitzpatrick, M. C., Zimmer, C. F., Abdollahi, E., Juden-Kelly, L., Moghadas, S. M., Singer, B. H., & Galvani, A. P. (2021). Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(34). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2109229118
replicationnetwork. (2021, May 18). DUAN & REED: How Are Meta-Analyses Different Across Disciplines? The Replication Network. https://replicationnetwork.com/2021/05/18/duan-reed-how-are-meta-analyses-different-across-disciplines/
Moran, M. B., Lucas, M., Everhart, K., Morgan, A., & Prickett, E. (2016). What makes anti-vaccine websites persuasive? A content analysis of techniques used by anti-vaccine websites to engender anti-vaccine sentiment. Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 9(3), 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/17538068.2016.1235531
The difficulties of estimating long Covid | David Spiegelhalter and Anthony Masters | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2021/sep/26/the-difficulties-of-estimating-long-covid
This is an excellent example of just how convoluted and brain-numbing statistics can be if you really get into it - yet how vitally important it is to have excellent statisticians working on important problems like determining how exactly COVID is spreading.
Okoli, G. N., Abou-Setta, A. M., Neilson, C. J., Chit, A., Thommes, E., & Mahmud, S. M. (2019). Determinants of Seasonal Influenza Vaccine Uptake Among the Elderly in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 5, 2333721419870345. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721419870345
Sam Wang on Twitter: “These are risk levels that you pose to other people. They’re compared with you as—A nonsmoker—A sober driver—A vaccinated person. Unvaccinated? 5x as likely to get sick, for 3x as long. Total risk to others? 15x a vaccinated person Details:https://t.co/ckTWaivK8n https://t.co/PhpLvX2dsm” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved September 19, 2021, from https://twitter.com/SamWangPhD/status/1438361144759132167
Jonathan Robinson on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 6 September 2021, from https://twitter.com/jon_m_rob/status/1431734411335176199
Screenshot of website about Covid-19 vaccine side effects is fake. (16:10:41.471968+00:00). Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/health/yellow-card-fake-website/
Maarten van Smeden on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 6 September 2021, from https://twitter.com/MaartenvSmeden/status/1432378998470889472
Jeremy Howard. (2021, August 29). I’ve been analyzing the UK covid data and I’ve just discovered something shocking. Cases in chidrens in England have just smashed all-time highs. Nearly double what they’ve ever been before. And rising VERY rapidly. Schools are about to reopen. With far fewer restrictions. Https://t.co/rNhW4U98BR [Tweet]. @jeremyphoward. https://twitter.com/jeremyphoward/status/1432118975060594691
Kraemer, M. U. G., Hill, V., Ruis, C., Dellicour, S., Bajaj, S., McCrone, J. T., Baele, G., Parag, K. V., Battle, A. L., Gutierrez, B., Jackson, B., Colquhoun, R., O’Toole, Á., Klein, B., Vespignani, A., COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium‡, Volz, E., Faria, N. R., Aanensen, D. M., … Pybus, O. G. (2021). Spatiotemporal invasion dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 emergence. Science, 373(6557), 889–895. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abj0113
Bracher, J., Wolffram, D., Deuschel, J., Görgen, K., Ketterer, J. L., Ullrich, A., Abbott, S., Barbarossa, M. V., Bertsimas, D., Bhatia, S., Bodych, M., Bosse, N. I., Burgard, J. P., Castro, L., Fairchild, G., Fuhrmann, J., Funk, S., Gogolewski, K., Gu, Q., … Xu, F. T. (2021). A pre-registered short-term forecasting study of COVID-19 in Germany and Poland during the second wave. Nature Communications, 12(1), 5173. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25207-0
"effective and is quite common in politics. This type of argument attempts to undermine a speaker or writer’s ethos. "
Despite this being a logical fallacy, it's interesting to see how it can be effective because it undermines persuasion tactics. This tells me that logical fallacy doesn't always mean ineffective.
Interesting to see the ties between Ethos and something so subliminal such as a white coat as the white coat relates to medical profession. This shows me that these persuasion tactics are not just limited to something more direct, and can be subliminal instead.
Next generation sequencing data analysis
Rogers, J. P., Watson, C. J., Badenoch, J., Cross, B., Butler, M., Song, J., Hafeez, D., Morrin, H., Rengasamy, E. R., Thomas, L., Ralovska, S., Smakowski, A., Sundaram, R. D., Hunt, C. K., Lim, M. F., Aniwattanapong, D., Singh, V., Hussain, Z., Chakraborty, S., … Rooney, A. G. (2021). Neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, jnnp-2021-326405. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-326405
Prof. Christina Pagel on Twitter: “THREAD latest on B.1.617.2 variant in England: B.1.617.2 (1st discovered in India) is now dominant in England. Here is a thread summarising latest PHE report and Sanger local data. TLDR: it is NOT good news. 1/7” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved August 24, 2021, from https://twitter.com/chrischirp/status/1399333330286415876
Inside America’s Covid-reporting breakdown—POLITICO. (n.d.). Retrieved August 23, 2021, from https://www.politico.com/news/2021/08/15/inside-americas-covid-data-gap-502565
Are 7 French fries too many?. A causal inference explainer | by Ellie Murray | Medium. (n.d.). Retrieved August 22, 2021, from https://medium.com/@EpiEllie/are-7-french-fries-too-many-d6226e78dc1f
These Israeli COVID-19 graphs prove Pfizer vaccine works—Israel News—Haaretz.com. (n.d.). Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-covid-graphs-prove-vaccines-works-delta-pfizer-1.10101640
We shouldn’t be giving Covid boosters while millions wait for a first dose | Andrew Pollard and Seth Berkley | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/aug/13/covid-boosters-dose-vaccine
Breakthrough cases aren’t the cause of the US Covid-19 surge—Vox. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2021, from https://www.vox.com/22602039/breakthrough-cases-covid-19-delta-variant-masks-vaccines
In contrast, a proactive L&D team will work to identify potential learning needs before they become a significant issue for the company. They’ll source potential needs from employee suggestions and prioritize those needs based on business impact. Sourcing training needs from employees is more accurate and helps you uncover training gaps before they grow.
The L&D team can work with the business, managers, employees, SME's to help with a bottom-up training needs analysis, and this can help with a more democratic learning culture.

John Thornhill on Twitter: “Good news: Vaccine hesitancy collapses Smart data analysis from @TheEconomist https://t.co/cQcajRtEM6 https://t.co/IWIbUsEFXG” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved August 1, 2021, from https://twitter.com/johnthornhillft/status/1418510295241269248
Trisha Greenhalgh on Twitter: “LONG THREAD on masks. Mute if not interested. Do masks work? Why do some people claim they don’t work? Do they cause harm? What kinds of masks should we wear? How does masking need to change now we know that Covid is airborne? When can we stop wearing them? Get your popcorn. 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved August 1, 2021, from https://twitter.com/trishgreenhalgh/status/1414294003479089154
Dvir Aran. (2021, July 27). You’ve probably seen reports from Israel on low vaccine effectiveness in this wave. Is it because of Delta? Waning immunity? We think the reason is mostly that we got the denominator wrong. Https://t.co/yloh5Vo9Xi [Tweet]. @dvir_a. https://twitter.com/dvir_a/status/1420059124700700677
Why are fully vaccinated people testing positive for Covid? | Financial Times. (n.d.). Retrieved July 28, 2021, from https://www.ft.com/content/0f11b219-0f1b-420e-8188-6651d1e749ff
What is behind the latest fall in cases of Covid across the UK? | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved July 27, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/26/what-is-behind-the-latest-fall-in-cases-of-covid-across-the-uk
Akhther, N. (2021). Internet Memes as Form of Cultural Discourse: A Rhetorical Analysis on Facebook. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/sx6t7
Leah Keating on Twitter: “This work with @DavidJPOS and @gleesonj is now on arXiv (https://t.co/hxjZnCmKcM): ‘A multi-type branching process method for modelling complex contagion on clustered networks’ Here is a quick overview of our paper: (1/6) https://t.co/3jQ2flhk71” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 23, 2021, from https://twitter.com/leahakeating/status/1418150117106978816
they do not form the basis for discovery,
I don't entirely agree with this part of the statement because the digital tools we have allow us to both view information in an entirely new way and to see connections that we couldn't have seen very readily. For example, the ability to take any written work and create a concordance of words can give us great insight that just reading the work would not have. If we wanted to see to what degree society is viewed from a male vs. female perspective between 1920 and 2020 we could analyze specific words in several pieces of literature from those time periods to see how significantly each gender is represented. If not impossible to do before digital tools, it would certainly be so laborious as to render it an insignificant goal in the scheme of humanistic inquiry. Thus we there is a basis for discovery within digital tools.
Global experts urge Boris Johnson to delay ‘dangerous’ Covid reopening | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved July 9, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jul/07/global-experts-urge-boris-johnson-delay-covid-reopening
Adam Kucharski on Twitter: “Useful data 👇– quick look suggests odds ratio for detection of B.1.617.2 relative to non-B.1.617.2 in vaccinated group compared to controls is 2.7 (95% CI: 0.7-10) after one dose and 1.2 (0.4-3.6) after two...” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://twitter.com/AdamJKucharski/status/1400443351908892675?s=20
See how age and illnesses change the risk of dying from covid-19 | The Economist. (n.d.). Retrieved June 29, 2021, from https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/covid-pandemic-mortality-risk-estimator
Lipsitch, M., & Kahn, R. (2021). Interpreting vaccine efficacy trial results for infection and transmission. Vaccine, 39(30), 4082–4088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.011
Why most people who now die with Covid in England have had a vaccination | David Spiegelhalter and Anthony Masters | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 28, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/commentisfree/2021/jun/27/why-most-people-who-now-die-with-covid-have-been-vaccinated?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
Persoon, P. G. J. (2021). Cumulative structure and path length in networks of knowledge. ArXiv:2106.10480 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2106.10480
Here’s how effective COVID-19 vaccines have been in Alberta | CTV News. (n.d.). Retrieved June 26, 2021, from https://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/here-s-how-effective-covid-19-vaccines-have-been-in-alberta-1.5456656
Bolze, A., Cirulli, E. T., Luo, S., White, S., Cassens, T., Jacobs, S., Nguyen, J., Ramirez, J. M., Sandoval, E., Wang, X., Wong, D., Becker, D., Laurent, M., Lu, J. T., Isaksson, M., Washington, N. L., & Lee, W. (2021). Rapid displacement of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 by B.1.617.2 and P.1 in the United States [Preprint]. Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS). https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.20.21259195
Long Covid: Snapshot poll finds more than 1m people with symptoms in UK | Long Covid | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 26, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/society/2021/apr/01/long-covid-snapshot-poll-finds-million-people-symptoms-uk?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
Sanderson, L., Harkin, L., Stuart, A., Stevenson, C., Park, M. S.-A., Yan, R. J., Mitra, S., Nuseibeh, B., Gooch, D., & Katz, D. (2021). A Siege on Positive Ageing: COVID-19 as Exacerbating Age-based Stereotype Threats among Older Adults [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/pufd5
Risk of covid-19 infection plummets 21 days after a vaccination | New Scientist. (n.d.). Retrieved June 25, 2021, from https://www.newscientist.com/article/2281512-risk-of-covid-19-infection-plummets-21-days-after-a-vaccination/?utm_term=Autofeed&utm_campaign=echobox&utm_medium=social&utm_source=Twitter#Echobox=1624329998
Parsons, J. E., Newby, K. V., & French, D. P. (2018). Do interventions containing risk messages increase risk appraisal and the subsequent vaccination intentions and uptake? – A systematic review and meta‐analysis. British Journal of Health Psychology, 23(4), 1084–1106. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjhp.12340
JUNIPER: Potential community transmission of B.1.617.2 inferred by S-gene positivity - briefing note, 11 May 2021. (n.d.). GOV.UK. Retrieved 14 June 2021, from https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/juniper-potential-community-transmission-of-b16172-inferred-by-s-gene-positivity-briefing-note-11-may-2021
Pishko, A. M., Bussel, J. B., & Cines, D. B. (2021). COVID-19 vaccination and immune thrombocytopenia. Nature Medicine, 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01419-1
UK tightens borders and travel rules as variants spark new alarm | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved June 5, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/03/concern-over-delta-covid-variant-tightens-borders-of-uk
Data Collection and Integration to Enhance Public Health Registration, Thu, Jun 10, 2021 at 1:00 PM | Eventbrite. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from https://www.eventbrite.com/e/data-collection-and-integration-to-enhance-public-health-registration-156146370999
SIOP/CARMA Open Science Virtual Summer Series, May&June 2021! - YouTube. (n.d.). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_USXkE7ICJo
Ezgi. (n.d.). SIOP/CARMA Open Science Virtual Summer Series. Consortium for the Advancement of Research Methods and Analysis (CARMA). Retrieved May 28, 2021, from https://carmattu.com/siop-carma-open-science-virtual-summer-series/
Our requirements:
Lytras, T., Kopsachilis, F., Mouratidou, E., Papamichail, D., & Bonovas, S. (2015). Interventions to increase seasonal influenza vaccine coverage in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 12(3), 671–681. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1106656
Thematic analysis was used to explore the qualitative data captured in the online survey. [22,23] describe thematic analysis as a method that seeks to find patterns, or categories, that emerge from the data, enabling the researcher to organise and provide detailed description.
This seems like an interesting area to look into further.
Two cited sources here:
ReconfigBehSci. (2021, May 1). RT @GuptaR_lab: Given the dire situation in India and questions regarding the new variant B.1.617, the so called ‘Double Mutant’ we are sha… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1388915829383720961
Racine, Nicole, Rachel Eirich, Jessica Cookee, Jenney Zhu, Paolo Pador, Nicole Dunnewold, and Sheri Madigan. ‘When the Bough Breaks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mental Health Symptoms in Mothers of Young Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic’. PsyArXiv, 7 May 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u8pnh.
Brewer, N. T., DeFrank, J. T., & Gilkey, M. B. (2016). Anticipated Regret and Health Behavior: A Meta-Analysis. Health Psychology : Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 35(11), 1264–1275. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000294
Darren Dahly on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 1 May 2021, from https://twitter.com/statsepi/status/1385127211699691520
Zhou, F., Shefer, A., Wenger, J., Messonnier, M., Wang, L. Y., Lopez, A., Moore, M., Murphy, T. V., Cortese, M., & Rodewald, L. (2014). Economic Evaluation of the Routine Childhood Immunization Program in the United States, 2009. Pediatrics, 133(4), 577–585. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-0698
Heiler, G., Hanbury, A., & Filzmoser, P. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on relative changes in aggregated mobility using mobile-phone data. ArXiv:2009.03798 [Physics, Stat]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03798
Mehra, M. R., Desai, S. S., Ruschitzka, F., & Patel, A. N. (2020). Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: A multinational registry analysis. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31180-6
Huebener, M., Waights, S., Spiess, C. K., Siegel, N. A., & Wagner, G. G. (2020). Parental Well-Being in Times of COVID-19 in Germany. IZA Discussion Paper, 13556.
The Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Evidence from a New Public Database Built Using Private Sector Data. (2020, May 7). Opportunity Insights. https://opportunityinsights.org/paper/tracker/
Niemeyer, H., Aert, R. C. M. van, Schmid, S., Uelsmann, D., Knaevelsrud, C., & Schulte-Herbrueggen, O. (2020). Publication Bias in Meta-Analyses of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Interventions. Meta-Psychology, 4. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2018.884
Miller, E., Andrews, N., Stellitano, L., Stowe, J., Winstone, A. M., Shneerson, J., & Verity, C. (2013). Risk of narcolepsy in children and young people receiving AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine: Retrospective analysis. BMJ, 346, f794. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f794
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘the SciBeh initiative is about bringing knowledge to policy makers and the general public, but I have to say this advert I just came across worries me: Where are the preceding data integrity and data analysis classes? Https://t.co/5LwkC1SVyF’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 18 February 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1362344945697308674
Elgar, F. J., Stefaniak, A., & Wohl, M. J. A. (2020). The trouble with trust: Time-series analysis of social capital, income inequality, and COVID-19 deaths in 84 countries. Social Science & Medicine, 263, 113365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113365
Hernán, M. A., Clayton, D., & Keiding, N. (2011). The Simpson’s paradox unraveled. International Journal of Epidemiology, 40(3), 780–785. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyr041
Chen, X., Chen, Z., Azman, A. S., Deng, X., Sun, R., Zhao, Z., Zheng, N., Chen, X., Lu, W., Zhuang, T., Yang, J., Viboud, C., Ajelli, M., Leung, D. T., & Yu, H. (2021). Serological evidence of human infection with SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00026-7
Lutkenhaus, R. O., Jansz, J., & Bouman, M. P. A. (2019). Mapping the Dutch vaccination debate on Twitter: Identifying communities, narratives, and interactions. Vaccine: X, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100019
Benjy Renton on Twitter: “For those who are wondering: There is a slight association (r = 0.34) between the percentage a county voted for Trump in 2020 and estimated hesitancy levels. As @JReinerMD mentioned, GOP state, county and local levels need to do their part to promote vaccination. Https://t.co/ZY2lUqHgLd” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved April 28, 2021, from https://twitter.com/bhrenton/status/1382330404586274817
(20) Carolyn Barber, MD on Twitter: ‘@VincentRK Thank you. Very helpful. Retweeting this which lines up with your UK data. Https://t.co/ECNaGuqiaB’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 24 April 2021, from https://twitter.com/cbarbermd/status/1381407627884695556
Yang, K.-C., Pierri, F., Hui, P.-M., Axelrod, D., Torres-Lugo, C., Bryden, J., & Menczer, F. (2020). The COVID-19 Infodemic: Twitter versus Facebook. ArXiv:2012.09353 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2012.09353
Sy, Karla Therese L., Laura F. White, and Brooke E. Nichols. ‘Population Density and Basic Reproductive Number of COVID-19 across United States Counties’. PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (21 April 2021): e0249271. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249271.
Smith, N., & Graham, T. (2019). Mapping the anti-vaccination movement on Facebook. Information, Communication & Society, 22(9), 1310–1327. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1418406
Taquet, M. (2021, April 15). COVID-19 and cerebral venous thrombosis: a retrospective cohort study of 513,284 confirmed COVID-19 cases. https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/H2MT7
More transmissible and evasive SARS-CoV-2 variant growing rapidly in Brazil | Imperial News | Imperial College London. (n.d.). Imperial News. Retrieved 18 April 2021, from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/news/216053/more-transmissible-evasive-sarscov2-variant-growing/
Elsey, James, and Merel Kindt. ‘Knowing When to Trust Your Gut: The Perceived Trustworthiness of Fear Varies with Domain Expertise’. PsyArXiv, 16 April 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/682su.
Jeremy Faust MD MS (ER physician) on Twitter: “Let’s talk about the background risk of CVST (cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) versus in those who got J&J vaccine. We are going to focus in on women ages 20-50. We are going to compare the same time period and the same disease (CVST). DEEP DIVE🧵 KEY NUMBERS!” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved April 15, 2021, from https://twitter.com/jeremyfaust/status/1382536833863651330
The insertion of an algorithm’s predictions into the patient-physician relationship also introduces a third party, turning the relationship into one between the patient and the health care system. It also means significant changes in terms of a patient’s expectation of confidentiality. “Once machine-learning-based decision support is integrated into clinical care, withholding information from electronic records will become increasingly difficult, since patients whose data aren’t recorded can’t benefit from machine-learning analyses,” the authors wrote.
There is some work being done on federated learning, where the algorithm works on decentralised data that stays in place with the patient and the ML model is brought to the patient so that their data remains private.
ReconfigBehSci. ‘@sarahflecke “Reports Emerging of Rare Types of Multiple Thrombosis, Bleeding, and Thrombocytopenia .. Similar to Disseminated Intravasc. Coagulation ... in Otherwise Healthy Individuals Shortly after Receiving ..AstraZeneca ..Vaccine. These Outcomes Are Not Included in the Present Analysis.”’ Tweet. @SciBeh (blog), 2 April 2021. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1377984798422077446.
Spagnoli, Paola, Carmela Buono, Liliya Scafuri Kovalchuk, Gennaro Cordasco, and Anna Esposito. ‘Perfectionism and Burnout During the COVID-19 Crisis: A Two-Wave Cross-Lagged Study’. Frontiers in Psychology 11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.631994.
Ioannidis, John P. A. (2020) ‘The Infection Fatality Rate of COVID-19 Inferred from Seroprevalence Data’. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.13.20101253.
There is obvious connections between the flow paths of a use case and its test cases. Deriving functional test cases from a use case through its scenarios (running instances of a use case) is straightforward.
With content based upon an action or event flow structure, a model of well-written use cases also serves as an excellent groundwork and valuable guidelines for the design of test cases
Use cases are not only texts, but also diagrams, if needed.
The semantic features of a word can be notated using a binary feature notation common to the framework of componential analysis.[11] A semantic property is specified in square brackets and a plus or minus sign indicates the existence or non-existence of that property.
Analysis involves reaching a richer and more precise understanding of each requirement and representing sets of requirements in multiple, complementary ways.
The most interesting point to me here is the part:
representing sets of requirements in multiple, complementary ways.
Please elaborate...
Kaebnick, Gusmano (2018) - Making Policies about Emerging Technologies
Xu, Z., & Guo, H. (2018). Using Text Mining to Compare Online Pro- and Anti-Vaccine Headlines: Word Usage, Sentiments, and Online Popularity. Communication Studies, 69(1), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2017.1414068
Preliminary analysis of SARS-CoV-2 importation & establishment of UK transmission lineages. (2020, June 9). Virological. https://virological.org/t/preliminary-analysis-of-sars-cov-2-importation-establishment-of-uk-transmission-lineages/507
Carl T. Bergstrom on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 19 February 2021, from https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1357799981977985025
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 3 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1351453660396605440
Scientific Imperialism: Exploring the Boundaries of Interdisciplinarity. (n.d.). Routledge & CRC Press. Retrieved 20 February 2021, from https://www.routledge.com/Scientific-Imperialism-Exploring-the-Boundaries-of-Interdisciplinarity/Maki-Walsh-Pinto/p/book/9780367889074
Ashish K. Jha, MD, MPH. (2020, December 12). Michigan vs. Ohio State Football today postponed due to COVID But a comparison of MI vs OH on COVID is useful Why? While vaccines are coming, we have 6-8 hard weeks ahead And the big question is—Can we do anything to save lives? Lets look at MI, OH for insights Thread [Tweet]. @ashishkjha. https://twitter.com/ashishkjha/status/1337786831065264128
Graham, B. S. (2020). Rapid COVID-19 vaccine development. Science, 368(6494), 945–946. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb8923
Indiana University Network Science Institute. ‘Alessandro Vespignani on Computational Epidemiology at the Time of COVID-19’. Accessed 7 March 2021. http://iuni.iu.edu/news/event/59.
Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan, Mathieu E. Rebeaud, Anthony Guihur, Yahya Mahamat-Saleh, and Thibault Fiolet. ‘Hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19: A Tale of Populism and Obscurantism’. The Lancet Infectious Diseases 0, no. 0 (13 November 2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30866-5.
Brodeur, Abel, Leonardo Baccini, and Stephen Weymouth. ‘The COVID-19 Pandemic and US Presidential Elections’. MetaArXiv, 10 November 2020. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/sxajv.
Gligorić, Vukašin, Allard Feddes, and Bertjan Doosje. ‘Political Bullshit Receptivity and Its Correlates: A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Concept’. PsyArXiv, 27 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u9pe3.
Gupta, Prateek, Tegan Maharaj, Martin Weiss, Nasim Rahaman, Hannah Alsdurf, Abhinav Sharma, Nanor Minoyan, et al. ‘COVI-AgentSim: An Agent-Based Model for Evaluating Methods of Digital Contact Tracing’. ArXiv:2010.16004 [Cs], 29 October 2020. http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.16004.
Krupenkin, Masha, Kai Zhu, Dylan Walker, and David M. Rothschild. ‘If a Tree Falls in the Forest: COVID-19, Media Choices, and Presidential Agenda Setting’. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, 22 September 2020. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3697069.
James Whale’s Frankenstein (1931) and Bride of Frankenstein (1935) explored both the hubris of the male scientist described in Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus (1818) as well as the repressive sexuality of Western culture. Robert Wise’s The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) advocated for a liberal belief in the collective submission to a technocratic elite.
I initially found this article by searching for "alien movie hubris" and the search results did not disappoint. This essay does a great job weaving several themes about creativity, automation, intelligence, biology, culture, ambition, power, delusions of grandeur, human spirituality and sexuality, and a few more I'm probably forgetting. It's definitely worthwhile reading.
<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>@Currofile</span> in marina @ bliss on Twitter: "@__baileybrooks @SlackHQ This looks in line with something that https://t.co/lo2XmYayhG is building." / Twitter (<time class='dt-published'>03/09/2021 09:27:46</time>)</cite></small>
I had decided to write all this down because I do not know when the stinking menfish will get me. Maria, if ever you find this -my head is roaring with fever and I scarcely know what I have written
Protista reminds me of Murakami’s works a lot, particularly of Sleep. Both stories are unclear, contain fantastical elements, and have an abrupt ending. The narrators of both are also unreliable (the narrator in Sleep has not slept for days and has drunk a lot of alcohol, while the narrator in Protista is dehydrated and malnutritioned), seem to have hallucinations, and are telling the story from some point in the future. However, for the narrator in Protista, it is completely impossible for me to tell how much of what he is telling the readers has really happened. Although in the beginning, certain parts seem believable, as the story progresses, the things the narrator is experiencing blend together and become so fantastical that one cannot even perceive them as metaphors.For example, there is the repetitive image of the red circle. On page 123, it is said that a red circle has been drawn by Maria and that it would bleed when she is in danger. Later, on page 126, such a red circle becomes the creation of the manfish that visited the narrator’s room when he was young and has been drawn so that only the narrator can see it and would bleed until the narrator goes to the manfish. Therefore, when the circle bleeds at the end on page 128, the significance that holds remains unclear to me. Another example is of Maria, who, on page 129, is described to have come back as “a fleshless skeleton”, but, on page 130, the narrator is leaving a letter for Maria, who is yet to come back. Although it is possible that the woman on page 129 is not Maria, if we presume that to be true, then it becomes unclear for whom the narrator bought a coat with silver buttons. Many other points of great confusion can be found, as well. Given the conditions the narrator is living in because of his exile (a hot, barren, dry land, where only insects seem to thrive) and the convoluted, fantastical nature of his narrative, I’m inclined to think that he has either been bitten by a disease-carrying insect, or is suffering from severe dehydration and malnutrition, and has started to hallucinate because of this. Moreover, on page 130, he mentions that his “head is roaring with fever”, and he barely knows what he has written, which further reinforces my belief in this interpretation. The narrator is possibly on the edge of dying, as well, as he uses phrases such as: “After that, the sun never came up." on page 129 and “Yesterday I met Barbara's father in the valley.” on page 130, when we know from earlier in the story that the sun is constantly drying the valley and that Barbara’s father has been dead for a long time. Overall, Protista is a very confusing story with quite an abrupt but also unsurprising ending, given the rest of the narrative (130).
Cailin O’Connor. (2020, November 10). New paper!!! @psmaldino look at what causes the persistence of poor methods in science, even when better methods are available. And we argue that interdisciplinary contact can lead better methods to spread. 1 https://t.co/C5beJA5gMi [Tweet]. @cailinmeister. https://twitter.com/cailinmeister/status/1326221893372833793
ReconfigBehSci. (2020, November 23). RT @lakens: Ongoing, an incredibly awesome talk on computational reproducibility by @AdinaKrik. Slides: Https://t.co/QslHW3gEtm. If you are… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1331265422109396995
November 25, P. T. & 2020. (2020, November 25). Dr. David Williams is called out—And Doug Ford doubles down on him. Macleans.Ca. https://www.macleans.ca/society/health/coronavirus-in-canada-these-charts-show-how-our-fight-to-flatten-the-curve-is-going/
Fowler, J. H., & Christakis, N. A. (2008). Dynamic spread of happiness in a large social network: Longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study. BMJ, 337, a2338. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2338
Hyland, P., Vallières, F., Shevlin, M., Bentall, R. P., McKay, R., Hartman, T. K., McBride, O., & Murphy, J. (2021). Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination has increased in Ireland and the UK during the pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ry6n4
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @PsyArXivBot: Resistance to COVID-19 vaccination has increased in Ireland and the UK during the pandemic https://t.co/AgKErDr7Yj’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 March 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1366707710151053312
ReconfigBehSci. (2020, October 27). RT @JASPStats: How to perform Robust Bayesian Meta-Analysis in JASP. To learn more, have a look at the tutorial video: Https://t.co/4fmkLEH… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1321387314887708672
Darren Dahly. (2019, September 4). It seems appropriate to do a thread on our recent session about the use of Twitter by statisticians. Https://t.co/eFwLDuXnOU [Tweet]. @statsepi. https://twitter.com/statsepi/status/1169313702715281408
Confounding vs. Effect modification – The Stats Geek. (n.d.). Retrieved February 27, 2021, from https://thestatsgeek.com/2021/01/13/confounding-vs-effect-modification/
Partha, D., & David, P. A. (1994). Toward a new economics of science. Research Policy, 23(5), 487–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1
Chwalisz, C. (2021). The pandemic has pushed citizen panels online. Nature, 589(7841), 171–171. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-00046-7
Mair, S. (2020). Neoliberal economics, planetary health, and the COVID-19 pandemic: A Marxist ecofeminist analysis. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(12), e588–e596. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30252-7
ReconfigBehSci. (2020, December 6). RT @statsepi: Lol ok. Https://t.co/eCPpU3Linv [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1335894181248643073
Was this all there was to it?
(p. 120) I am confused about what the mirror represents. At first, I thought it was a device that split the character into parts, thus setting the battle between the two sides - the man and the ape. The man is seen by all and represents a being capable of deep thought. The ape is the monster-like creature, which hunts the back of one's mind, the force that must stay hidden. Their fight begins when the individual reaches puberty - a time of transition from child to adult (the process of becoming independent). All of this I connected to the struggle of establishing one's self-identity - a problem present in House of Hunger as well (represented by the fight between Shona and English). Now that I have looked more carefully, I am more inclined to believe that this mirror is some portal to a sort of evil reality. I think so because of the grotesque representation of the ape and the use of emptiness. Emptiness is the lack of anything. In this book, it has been associated with the hunger that dominates life in colonized Rhodesia. This hunger causes misery, unfulfilled dreams, etc. As the narrative progresses, we see how it enters the character's lives and messes them up. The man is slowly absorbed by the mirror, his surroundings are messed up by it (the missing days, the destroyed room). The woman sees the change in her partner and fights with him (she is not absorbed by it, she only sees the emptiness behind the man; some female characters in the "House of Hunger" novel seem to represent purity, hope, light (not overwhelmed/seriously touched by the harsh reality)). So, what is the mirror in the end?
These hands that now were part of the drought,
(p. 125) The idea of the hands losing their ability to create and becoming a part of the harsh reality is similar to the idea of the House of Hunger's narrator's head becoming the House of Hunger itself (60). In this passage, the narrator uses vivid imagery to convey this loss through the contrast of life and death. Initially, his hands are described as "dry and deathlike", as full of deep scars, as broken from the "slow-burning furnace of the drought" (125). In the middle of the paragraph, however, the narrator brings forth the memory of the hands which could create, to come in contact with the pure and beautiful, the soft and warm presence of another human being; the hands that could shape the future - "build a future out of the bricks of the past and of the present" (125). This juxtaposition of loss and creation makes the differences stand out to the reader and make him think what the reason for this contrast is. That is simple - it's the act of robbing someone of their future, of their life, of their choice. In "Protista" this is caused by the exile and the sudden loss of Maria. It takes the character's freedom, their future, their right to dream, their reason to live, and their life force. In "House of Hunger" this is caused by the British colonization. The misery, squalor, and unfairness, the conditions, and the society trap the individual, wrapping him in an unescapable spider web, robbing them of their future as well (They stretched the wings of our race (...) senile gods, p.60). Losing their freedom, the characters give in to the force exerted by reality and become another cog in its machine.
*I believe it isn't a coincidence that the author names the girl Maria. This name means "sea of sorrow" or "sea of bitterness." A sea is a pool of water, so by leaving, Maria does take, in a sense, the water from the main character's life, leaving only the feeling of sorrow that haunts him.
Faded jeans. Denim shirts
(83) As Doug and Citre are coming in, the narrator takes a moment to describe what I assume to be their outer appearance. He achieves this by using two consecutive short verb-lacking sentences, namely - Faded jeans. and Denim shirts. This metaphorical "pause" not only slows the action that is being unfolded but also interupts a more general description about who the characters are that follows them. One simple idea about a conveyed meaning in this stylistic creative choice may have to do with the notion that one's appearance actually not always has to do with his "real" inner character. On the other hand, this may not be true in exactly this sense given that the appearance here corresponds pretty well with what follows about the two guys.
I began to laugh. Harry began to laugh. We were both as helpless as if the laughter was the final say of the storm
(47) Once again the author uses really closely related (and even the very same) words to draw attention to the action taking place as seen here by his "overusage" of laugh and laughter. The next setence discusses the characters laughing as a clensing from madness while in this one it is thought of as the final say of the storm indicating deeper and multifaced meaning. On one side their laughter may be one of desparation, resulting from the presumed stupuduty of the fight but on the other, it may have to do with a way of freeing their mental states from one or another kind of oppresion through engaging in what at first seem a primitive way of conduct, This may also point out to a divergence between the way in which colonialists and Zimbabwians perceive and value different cultures and their own for that matter.
And then something jumped upon my back and I fell face flat in the churning mud of the night. Something was trampling me into the sticky mess of mud.
(47) In two consecutive sentences, the author decides to choose the same word to describe what appear to be two distinct things - churning mud of the night and sticky mess of mud. It is apperant that some connection between the two must be in place as to spark this creative choice given that none of the two has anything to do with actual dirt. One possible explanation may be the fight that takes place with Harry. If that is the case, I am inclined to think, that this choice may be a self-reflaction on the side of the writer, in terms of him reevaluating his action and realizing a resentment for violence and conflict independent on either side's intent, goal or innocense. This is further possible by addition of him falling face flat which can either be perceived literally (as in on the ground) or metaphorically building up on the analysis discussed above.
A 'lucky' chance -an encounter with a racist but benevolent white priest -pushed his foot up on to the first rung: he became a catechist, bullying old and young alike and accusing women -those who repulsed his advances -of witchcraft and sorcery.
(48) The author conveys irony in a somewhat usual way trough the stylistic choice of writing 'lucky'. As he goes on it is revealed that the fate of the men turned out to be of a violent oppressor without respect for anyone be them young or old. However, the author also takes the chance to note the benevolent priest was white. This choice seems unappealing to me as it draws attention to a general opinion as if the priest's whiteness has something to do with his benevolence. If that is the case, on the other hand, it won't be appropriate to express repulse at what through the words young and old, I perceive to be a general mistreatment and not towards a specific case.
In the centre of them, written in minute letters the colour of dawn, was the legend CIVILISATION. But some enterprising vandal had scrawled over it the two words BLACK IS.
(51) The author's usage of capitalized letters is distinct from what I have seen in other various works. Normally, I asociate this stylistic choice with the shouting out of the said word. This is indeed true in The House of Hunger too but at other instances. Here, it seems, the author uses capitalization of letters to draw the reader's attention to the specific word. However, he also associates the words with enterprising vandal in this particular context so he remains somewhat true to the original idea. The words themselves, CIVILIZATION and BLACK are of particular interest given their usual contrast in the eyes of the colonialists which here, are instead connected as both having been changed due to intent.
She wrung my hand: 'Let's both get out of this.'
(p. 89) The scene with Patricia mirrors the one with Immaculate on page 23. In both cases, the main character is offered a way to escape and a person to escape with - a young girl with a fighting spirit he admires. Patricia offers him a plan - "We'll run to Botswana (...) There'll be..." while Immaculate is ready to give him money. And in both cases, he declines, finding ways to explain why he wouldn't leave. Leaving means fighting against the hunger, the oppression, the unfairness. The main character isn't ready to fight. When things "get rough", he runs away. In the very beginning, we see him leave home. Even Marechera himself is shown (in the documentary we saw) trying to leave Rhodesia when he finds out that his book is banned when he could have stayed and found a way to change what he didn't like. He is a "fool" because he has given into the disparity of life in his country- the poverty, the emptiness, the lack. Immaculate, unlike him, is determined to hold onto the hope of finding something better even while being beaten up "into a stain. Patricia leaves three times and gets back injured, is left unable to speak, yet she doesn't give up and shows what she earns for that struggle - a publication of her notebooks.
The sunlight had imperceptibly grown weaker -there was a brittle tang in the air.
(p.73) Throughout the book, Marechera uses light to transition from one moment of his life to another. Let's start from the beginning. On page 11, his journey starts with the rise of the sun. On page 53, just before the storm commences, the author remarks on the afternoon sun, which "had rings around it" (44). On page 71 - "Sunlight bounced off a grimy phone booth (...) coffee shop", on page 72 - "The oily white-hot sunlight (...) in the windows", and right here, on page 73, "The sunlight had imperceptibly (...) tang in the air". Light is present throughout the entire novel, and the author changes the tone and the scenery he uses it in. Why do transitions begin with a remark on light (be it coming from the sun or some match)? On one hand, it could be connected to the fact that he lives in Rhodesia. Africa is known for its endless sun that keeps the temperatures high and the land dry. That, however, doesn't have anything specific to it. Could it be that it serves to create a contrast with the grim world the main character endures? Light is a symbol of hope, knowledge, salvation - something reality has trapped or extinguished. It is, however, seen in the burning eyes of Immaculate, which signifies a fighting spirit. Light comes from the matches lit to help see in the dark, from the lightning that splits the sky and brings some clarity to the character's mind. Sometimes, however, it is part of the angry reality. On page 72, it is "razor-sharp", "asphalt-melting", unforgiving heat. Does that mean that even the light is tainted by the House of Hunger? Maybe light is used as a framing device. After all, the story begins at dawn, and although it doesn't end at dusk, we can certainly see how the sun travels its path from gently striking "the swirling dust" to becoming "imperceptibly" weaker (p. 21, p.72) and begins a new at the end.
They took one look at me and dragged him off. And the corridor came and stone steps cut into me grazing my knuckles and knees and a foot kicking me tore through the faded cloth of my sanity and they took one hand each and they dragged the endless stone steps into the stains that had once been my raging brains.
In an unjust world, in which a black policeman is brutally beating their own, everything is turned around and upside down. Led to the edge of sanity, the narrator has begun despising all people, and naturally himself. The absurd in the narrative, and therefore in the paragraph, is underlined by the reversal of roles (73). After beating up the narrator into unconsciousness, it is the black policeman that is being dragged off by the white officers. The narrator is clearly being dragged off to somewhere, yet the action is not portrayed legibly. Instead of him getting injured on the stairs, the stone steps “attack” his knuckles and knees, just as a foot kicks him and tears “through the faded cloth of (his) sanity” (73). While his head is being bashed into the stairs, it is portrayed as if the “stone steps” are the ones being brought to the narrator’s head, reducing his brains to stains: “they dragged the endless stone steps into the stains that had once been my raging brains”. This description could be also the result of his bad physical condition after the beating. It is as if the world is attacking the narrator and he is stuck in the horrid reality of it all, able only to receive the blows dealt to him. Such descriptions parallel perfectly the actual issues of the society the narrator lives in. His disdain for people (in general) is existent for a reason as he finds himself in a world of misery, inequality, and hatred.
And because all men use it, that road is greatly frequented by beggars like me. One day I too chose my spot and sat upon it, waiting for the travellers to pass me by. It was Sunday and early. Soon a solid youth in a crimson jacket strolled up to me and asked if I knew where he could buy a white chicken.
(p.101) The mystical and divine image of this 'road' "between the water and the earth" with billions of travelers is demolished into that of a road, on which the old man sits upon and only meets a single youth. It is juxtaposed with the violence of its surroundings. However, on it, the old man finds the actions of the narrator and his friends. Although the road's significance/grandness has been reduced, it is still the same one as before, and what is found on it could be regarded as more divine than what is outside its boundaries.
What door does the old man refer to in the very last sentence of the novella?
And what once was our parents now rotted and stank beneath the lime of the twentieth century. An iron net had been thrown over the skies, quietly. Now it, tightening, bit sharply into the tenderer meat of our brains. The hard knocks it gave to our heads made us strange, even to ourselves. And beneath it all our minds festered; gangrenous. Gangsterish. The underwear of our souls was full of holes and the crotch it hid was infested with lice. We were whores; eaten to the core by the syphilis of the white man's coming. Masturbating on to a Playboy centrefold; screaming abuse at a solitary but defiant racist; baring our arse to the yawning pit-latrine; writing angry 'black' poetry;
In this passage, the narrator gives an expressive description of the life of the blacks in Rhodesia. He starts by characterizing how Shona history and traditions are dissipating as a result of the British colonization - “what once was our parents now rotted and stank beneath the lime of the twentieth century”. The whites do not care to preserve them, and the Shona people themselves are suffocating under the misery they are forced to endure. These terrible living conditions, which were pushed upon them by the whites, the narrator proceeds to represent as an “iron net” that is tightening and biting “sharply into the tenderer meat of [their] brains”. This metaphor for me creates an allusion to the Iron Curtain, the political boundary that divided Europe from the end of WWII until the end of the Cold War, and, thus, I interpret the “iron net” as an impenetrable barrier, which separates the Shona people from their origins and past. In the next sentence, the narrator further clarifies the properties of the ”net” by using the phrase: “made us strange, even to ourselves”. This phrase presents the impact of the “white man’s coming” on the blacks clearly and concisely. The British colonization provoked a radical sort of change, which drove the blacks to the state of savageness, anger, hunger, and debauchery, described in the next few sentences. Thus, the overall meaning of the passage seems to be that, oppressed, deprived of freedom, opportunities, and hope for a better world, the Shona people have no choice but to turn to insanity and become unrecognizable even to themselves (92-93).
The oily white-hot sunlight streamed its asphalt-melting energy, casting razor-sharp beams of highlights in the windows. A fat bulldog, tongue stretched out on to the shaded pavement, lazily scanned us with one beady eye. A livid white ring seemed to radiate vividly around the sun. It made me think of the white down on a white dove's breast. Swan-white. And Leda when Zeus transfixed her in mid-air. It made me think of Harry's rubber snake. The white underbelly of a stinking reptile. The stench of it gave the sun a nauseous hue. And it was touching everything. Pushing me into the room and my teeth ached like the chatterclutter of a typewriter. The handcuffs were too tight.
It is unclear whether the events of the previous paragraphs and this one happen on the same day. Based on the description of the sun present in both, one could suppose they happened on the same day, but due to the fragmented, chronologically-inconsistent narrative up until now, one could also assume that they did not and that the narrator started telling us of this episode based only on a small connection with the previous. Apart from the image of the sun, the narrator could have made an association between the two episodes because of disgust. The description of the man in the “drowsy coffee shop” rouses feelings of revulsion similar to the ones the narrator introduces when comparing the whiteness of the sun to the “white underbelly of a stinking reptile”. Although when looking at the sun, the narrator first recalls “the white down on a white dove's breast”, that pure image is corrupted once he connects it to the Greek myth of Leda and the Swan. The myth tells the story of the Spartan queen Leda and how she was raped by Zeus, who had assumed the form of a magnificent swan just for this purpose. Starting from this tale, the narrator’s train of thought goes off in a negative direction. White is no longer a representation of the beauty and purity associated with swans but of something repulsive and pervasive that angers the narrator. Thus, he remembers “Harry’s rubber snake” from the day the two of them fought in the storm, and the underbelly of this reptile evolves into a stench, which gives a “nauseous hue” to the sun. Then, the narrator proceeds to highlight the spread of this hue - “it was touching everything”. From the next sentence, it becomes evident that the whiteness of the sun has evolved even further and taken on the form of people. It was the suppressors of the Shona people that made the narrator associate white color with such negative qualities. Even if he does not hate all the whites in Rhodesia, he hates the ones who refuse to treat blacks as human and deprive them of human rights in every way. This unfair treatment is showcased in the subsequent paragraphs where the narrator is interrogated and beaten up by white police officers for an offense that does not seem to be quite clear even to the officers themselves (72).
Kaffirs at the back. Kaffirs
The narrator and his friend, Philip, visit a “drowsy” coffee shop, where at the counter there is an old white pensioner (72). The state of this person is described without mentioning any gendered personal pronouns. The narrator calls the person an “it” and reduces the characteristics of “it” to facial features and dysfunctional body parts. This pensioner is in a pitiful condition, with saliva dripping down their front, with a mouth “embedded in meagre strings of pink fat” (72), with red eyes showing a “lifeless kind of boredom” (72). This heap of body is able to attract a black fly, which lands on the brow of the pensioner. In this pitiful condition, “it” is able to be hyper-focused on the race of the two visitors. This weak, pitiful pensioner is so strongly prejudiced, that the only reaction the visitors can get from “it” is showing them the segregated spot for black people. The pensioner uses the highly offensive term “kaffir”, which is a racial slur in South Africa and has been a legal crime since 1976. When meeting the two young men, this elderly person’s only thought is driven by the colonialist and racist mindset. The visitors are clearly in a better condition, be it physical or mental, yet the pensioner still considers them inferior, goes as far as to insult them because of their race. “It” is more concerned about where the black men sit. When Philip spits in the pensioner’s face, there is a minimal reaction. The person behind the counter does not do much but blink, the fly on the brow is not bothered at all. The only thing the pensioner does is to continue cursing at the two men. This entire scene is so bitterly ironic since the reader can clearly picture this lethargic mass of a human, with no sense of understanding whatsoever, in a pitiful physical condition, knowing only of segregation. The prejudice runs so deep that Philip’s assault seems like something that was expected by both parties. The pensioner just knows that the “kaffirs” are not deserving of a place in the front of the coffee store, and Philip knows of “its” preconceptions, which are undestroyable, so he acts not only as a way to avenge the offensive words, but to also angrily meet those expectations.
final say of the storm.
(p. 47) This whole passage showcases a way to combine environment and character to display conflict, a climax, resolution, and development in the span of a few pages. Everything starts with the storm. Through repetition and alliteration, Dambudzo Marechera induces a sense of gradation - "It drummed on the asbestos roofs (..) we could not stand it" (p. 44). Not only that, but the author turns water into heavy, sturdy, harmful masses, like solid objects that, if thrown with great strength, could wound or kill - "like the smack of a fist", "massive rocks of rain", "boulders of rain". All of this is described as the product of the angry sky that sticks "needles into the matter of" the student's brain, damps their words, roars "the lions out of voices" (44, 45). This vivid imagery creates an allusion to the main character's situation - the battle he is raging with the voices in his head. He feels the toll those nameless figures have on him (he can't stand it much like the students can't stand the rumbling rain). They come uninvited, torment him with arguments he cannot win, rob him (as the storm robs the lions of their voices) of his voice ("taken over the inner chords of my own voice"). Another allusion is seen on page 45, where the author describes the storm's blows as arguments - "The argument of it left us stunned. The words (...) of rain" (45). I don't think Marechera uses "arguments'' for no particular reason. The main character of the story is also faced with "mountains of arguments'' that overwhelm him. They are sent by the voices who are not planning to stop invading his mind, spliting his conscience in two parts (English and Shona), that are constantly battling each other. The quote "Its muddy feet ...dear" also alludes to the previous paragraph (45). There the character mentions that after he began hearing the voices of the figures he sees, everything he did - painted or wrote - contained something sinister. Every memory he recalled had some evil thought or wrongdoing - "The voices took out (...) slimy worm" (42). After all of this, we can conclude that the storm refers to the shadowy voices themselves, while the torment on the people refers to the torment of the main character. As we go forward (p. 46) and Harry plays a trick on the narrator, things change. The storm now becomes the main character. His fists hit Harry, his rage makes him smack him with a chair. Harry tries to run away (much like the main character would like to do), but the narrator is right behind him. Their fight outside in the mud resembles the one between English and Shona in the main character's head - never-ending, tiresome, with no one taking advantage. "And then something supremely white, blindingly so, erupted at the heart of the storm" (47). This is the climax and, if I am not mistaken, a form of catharsis for the main character (he overcomes his struggles and is free of the conflict inside of him). The storm is interrupted by something blinding (again, the juxtaposition of light and darkness) that clears everything, puts an end. The boys, tired of the struggle and struck by the lightning that split the sky, start laughing. This laughter reminds the reader of the voices' laughter - "Their laughter was of the crudest type, obscene. " (43). The boys remove their clothes and start painting each other with mud much like the narrator, who turns the world into a "turd" under the influence of the devouring laughter of the voices inside him. Afterward, they even scare their professor like the voices scare the main character ("Their laughter was of the (...) survive that impish laughter", 43). The roles have turned. The narrator on page 47 is associated with the voices on pg 43, who made him turn everything he touched into "stinking horror." Whether he has become a part of them or not isn't clear, but they have finally left his head, and he is now alone. This parallelism between scenes and characters prompts one to think about what else is left unsaid in this book and how the author has been and is going to use weather to drive the plot and character development in the future.
The bulldozers have been and gone and where once our heroes danced there is nothing but a hideous stain
(p.59) Stains are such a vital part of this narrative, mentioned numerous times in different situations - the death of "the old man"(19), the beating Immaculate is put through, "God's stains" (55), etc. What are stains in general? They are hard to remove marks. They are scars that itch and burn irritatingly, that stay for a long time and influence their carrier in some way. In Dambudzo Marechera's novel, they have many aspects, which impact the main character in various ways. I will focus more on the meaning conveyed in the usage of it in the selected sentence. This quote refers to the stains in the scope of the war for independence. Just before that, the narrator talks about Lobengwa and how he messed up, and how his mistake still haunts the people of Rhodesia. It is that stain that causes the misery and squalor of the people living at the time of the author's life. That stain, however, is more than just the consequences of a lost war. It prompts the realization the narrator comes to - that his life is a small man's one (the words are the same as the one he used when describing such a life on page 14). He will also become a stain - something he despises; a red splatter on some wall, the cause of which is his life as a black man, the House of Hunger that has infiltrated his environment and mind and has forced him into that life.
Her painted claws reached out and closed over my fist.
Claws are a recurring symbol throughout the book. The author continues to compare human traits to animalistic ones (13) as a way to highlight the pure animalistic urges of the black population, ravaged by "hunger", which I believe is a manifestation of their most inner desires (like the Id from Freud's psychoanalysis). Claws are the weapons of animals, with which they either attack prey or defend themselves. The "claws'' that people have are their manipulative tactics, seduction, or anything that would help them survive in the miserable ghetto. On a previous page (57) claws are mentioned again: "I was learning to keep my claws sheathed", spoken by the narrator himself after overcoming the demons laughing in his mind. To sheathe something, especially a dagger or another weapon, means to protect it, probably for further use. I interpret the quote asif the narrator realizes that he has to "protect" his methods of survival when he is faced with a real threat, rather than just something in his mind. In this situation (68), Julia's "claws'' is her ability to unnerve and weaken the narrator, who usually seems cold and collected. She succeeds in making him uncomfortable, questioning whether he hates the color of his own skin. She even starts laughing at this seemingly inappropriate situation, something that is similar to the narrator's own habit to laugh at inappropriate moments(28), forcing him out of his comfort zone of disinterested intervention.
But the young woman's life is not at all an easy one; the black young woman's. She is bombarded daily by a TV network that assumes that black women are not only ugly but also they do not exist unless they take in laundry, scrub lavatories, polish staircases, and drudge around in a nanny's uniform. She is mugged every day by magazines that pressure her into buying European beauty; and the advice columns have such nuggets like 'Understanding is the best thing in the world, therefore be more cheerful when he comes home looking like thunder.' And the only time the Herald mentions her is when she has -in 189617 -led an uprising against the State and been safely cheered by the firing squad or when she is caught for the umpteenth time soliciting in Vice Mile.
The life of a young black woman is not easy at all (65). This paragraph represents society’s pressure on black women to fit the Eurocentric beauty standards, which consider certain African features, such as the lips and the nose, unappealing, and therefore the opposite of that model is deemed superior (65). The social norms also have the ability to dictate the general life of a woman, outlining the position she needs to take in the community and in the family. She is to serve, to work for someone, to engage in activities for the purpose of providing the community or an individual with something, rather than live for her own desires and ambitions. All of this, of course, under the scrutiny of the male gaze. The narrator focuses not only on the racist reality black women live in but also the “traditional'' sexist views, following them since birth. According to the magazine columns of that time, the woman’s life is centered around a man and her main responsibility is to accommodate him (65). These factors indeed make the life of the black young woman hard, but in the context of the novella, the narrator’s statement seems to be almost ironic. In comparison to the experiences of women, described throughout the narrative, these social issues seem almost irrelevant. Parts of the woman’s reality are the horrendous acts of domestic violence, sexual assault, abuse, and murder, all seemingly drawing the attention of big crowds, but inspiring absolutely no desire to help (65, 66). Such experiences are considered part of “growing up” from the perspective of a young boy, the actions are normalised in the eyes of society (64).
At once massive rocks of rain hurled themselves down upon the sleeping earth. The noise was deafening to the ear, the sight awesome to the eye, and the great torrents almost startled me into premature senility. Such a madness of the elements did not seem possible. Rude buckets of water poured over the school. It rained as though it would flood us out of our minds. It drummed on the asbestos roofs. It drummed on the window-panes. It dinned into our minds. It drummed down upon us until we could not stand it. It poured darkly; plashed; guttered; broke down upon our heads like the smack of a fist. It roared, splashed, soaked, stuttered stertorously down from the black spaces of the huge mindless universe. It rose. It swelled. It cracked its sides like a whip. Silver fish seemed to leap in frenzy by the bucketful. The mud plash and sucking of it churned round and round in our minds. It chilled up to the shoulders of one's soul. The delirium of rain shook the school into a feverish excitement. The eruption was like a boil that bursts and splatters everything with its black acids. The angry skies drove boulders of rain against the school until we felt our very sanity was under a relentless siege.
Allegedly, stoning was the standard method of punishment in ancient Israel. According to the Old Testament, stoning served as a punishment for sins such as blasphemy and idolatry. The method required the collective action of the entire community, which served as a lesson to individuals. The sense of common rage is expressed through the violence of the people. The community in the novella is torn apart by injustice and hatred, and while there is an enemy colonialist, which the entirety of the country is facing, the people are divided within their nation, society, and even families. Individuals like Harry have resorted to betraying their own in order to be in the favor of the oppressors, and are openly disregarding the truth, pretending to be above the rest. The contrast between the biblical understanding of the act of stoning and the reality of nature is clear. The theme of stains, present in nearly every single layer of human existence, according to the narrator, is seemingly being challenged by the rage of the universe. The violent rain is not able to remove the stains, but it is able to punish the people: “It cracked its sides like a whip...The singing fury of it stuck little needles into the matter of our brains...The rain, it broke down the workers' compound; it felled the huts with its brute knuckle- duster” (44, 45). To me, the rain could be seen as a sort of vengeance, but also as a part of nature, that is in tune with the people. Led to such extremes by the horrible conditions, the people’s fury and desperation are reflected in the setting that surrounds them. For now, I have a bunch of different interpretations, but hopefully as we progress throughout the novella I will be able to find the intended meaning of the storm. Does the storm have a strictly negative meaning, or can it symbolise something positive?
The match went out. The shadows closed around us with a noiseless cosmic violence. It woke her up. Her voice had an inner light stirring within it; the way clouds seem to have in their heart a trembling clarity. She spoke of many things, and fragments of things. She spoke with an intensity that seemed to refract my character the way a prism analyses clearly the light striking its surfaces.
Immaculate is introduced as a character with such a strong, unbreakable spirit, which is able to withstand not only the abuse she receives in her own household, but also the suffering in a world lacking freedom, equality, fairness, and full of pain. Her courage is infuriating for cynical people, such as the narrator and Peter (14), but it is also contagious. In the beginning of the paragraph, the darkness of the room is underlined and intensified by relating its power to “cosmic violence” (41). There is also its physical representation, with the match lit by the narrator going out. These characteristics of the room all are in stark contrast to the description of Immaculate and her voice. Because of this, once plunged into darkness, the woman wakes up instead of continuing to sleep. Under normal circumstances, the lack of light leads to a person dozing off and not starting wide awake. The woman has not lost her hope for the future, and even though she endures agony, the spark in her heart is still there, she refuses to let it go. She is driven and this intensity, present in her voice, is noticed by the narrator, who has the same strong feeling for the ideas, significant to him.
When Nestar (what kind of a father would give his child a 65 name like that?)
Nestar is a gender-neutral name of African descent, meaning greatness, power, and wisdom. In the tradition of Southern African naming practises, the parents chose a hopeful name with the intention of creating a bright future for their children. Nestar’s backstory shows that she has gone through many challenges as a young woman. She has been cast out by her community because of her unwanted pregnancy, and has been left homeless and struggling at the age of twelve. Under these horrible conditions, she has managed not only to survive this harsh reality, but also to come out on top. She has done everything she can in order to secure a good future for herself, and her labour has paid off. She lives a comfortable life, she is rich, and according to her “Money... was power. There is nothing worthwhile that has no gold in it...”. Her story has earned the respect of the narrator, who wants to tell it to other people. The name given to her by her parents has seemingly fulfilled its purpose. Additionally, in my opinion, the quote on page 71 “Ah, heroes, black heroes …” can also be interpreted as a statement about Nestar. After all, her life is proof that people who are victims of the worst conditions have the ability to grow inner strength and rise even from the darkest of lows. Does the narrator consider Nestar a symbol of Rhodesia?
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A fairly comprehensive list of problems and limitations that are often encountered with data as well as suggestions about who should be responsible for fixing them (from a journalistic perspective).
Benford’s Law is a theory which states that small digits (1, 2, 3) appear at the beginning of numbers much more frequently than large digits (7, 8, 9). In theory Benford’s Law can be used to detect anomalies in accounting practices or election results, though in practice it can easily be misapplied. If you suspect a dataset has been created or modified to deceive, Benford’s Law is an excellent first test, but you should always verify your results with an expert before concluding your data has been manipulated.
This is a relatively good explanation of Benford's law.
I've come across the theory in advanced math, but I'm forgetting where I saw the proof. p-adic analysis perhaps? Look this up.
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