Jr, N. L. (2020, September 14). Why Coming Up With Effective Interventions To Address COVID-19 Is So Hard. FiveThirtyEight. https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-coming-up-with-effective-interventions-to-address-covid-19-is-so-hard/

Prescott, K. (2020, September 11). Lockdown again: “It can’t get any worse.” BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-54117668

Why can't we project additional places like this and begin investing in infrastructure and growth in those places?

This is an interesting and telling example.

Here's a place were those who cry capitalism will save us should be shouting the loudest!

We definitely need to quit putting good money after bad.

Natalie Savona: Who is responsible for health behaviour? (2020, September 11). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/09/11/natalie-savona-who-is-responsible-for-health-behaviour/

Take away: People are infectious for only part of the time they test positive. The tests for COVID-19 were granted emergency status by the FDA so some debate concerning the most ideal number of cycles is to be expected. It is worth noting that the FDA has the disclaimer "Negative results do not preclude 2019-nCoV infection and should not be used as the sole basis for treatment or other patient management decisions. Negative results must be combined with clinical observations, patient history, and epidemiological information (2)."

The claim: Up to 90 percent of people diagnosed with coronavirus may not be carrying enough of it to infect anyone else

The evidence: Per Walsh et al. (1), SARS-CoV-2 virus (COVID-19) is most likely infectious if the number of PCR cycles is <24 and the symptom onset to test is <8 days. RT-PCR detects the RNA, not the infectious virus. Therefore, setting the cycle threshold at 37-40 cycles will most likely result in detecting some samples with virus which is not infectious. As the PCR tests were granted emergency use by the FDA (samples include 2-9), it is not surprising that some debate exists currently about where the cycle threshold should be. Thresholds need to be set and validated for dozens of PCR tests currently in use. If identifying only infectious individuals is the goal, a lower cycle number may be justified. If detection of as many cases as possible to get closer to the most accurate death rate is the goal, setting the cycle threshold at 37-40 makes sense. A lower threshold will result in fewer COVID-19 positive samples being identified. It is worth noting that the emergency use approval granted by the FDA includes the disclaimer that a negative test does not guarantee that a person is not infected with COVID-19. RNA degrades easily. If samples are not kept cold or properly processed, the virus can degrade and result in a false negative result.

Source: 1 https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciaa638/5842165

2 https://www.fda.gov/media/134922/download

3 https://www.fda.gov/media/138150/download

4 https://www.fda.gov/media/137120/download

5 https://www.fda.gov/media/136231/download

6 https://www.fda.gov/media/136472/download

7 https://www.fda.gov/media/139279/download

8 https://www.fda.gov/media/136314/download

9 https://www.fda.gov/media/140776/download

r/BehSciAsk - Behavioural Policy challenge: How well do people understand trade-offs and accept them? (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved 9 September 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/ii3n2x/behavioural_policy_challenge_how_well_do_people/

Susan Athey, July 22, 2020. (2020, August 2). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hqTOPrUxDzM

Casoria, F., Galeotti, F., & Villeval, M. C. (2020). Perceived Social Norm and Behavior Quickly Adjusted to Legal Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3681204). Social Science Research Network. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3681204

Clifford, S., Quilty, B. J., Russell, T. W., Liu, Y., Chan, Y.-W. D., Pearson, C. A. B., Eggo, R. M., Endo, A., Group, C. C.-19 W., Flasche, S., & Edmunds, W. J. (2020). Strategies to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 re-introduction from international travellers. MedRxiv, 2020.07.24.20161281. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.24.20161281

Jason Furman on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved September 7, 2020, from https://twitter.com/jasonfurman/status/1301871401226338305

Lewandowsky, Stephan, Simon Dennis, Amy Perfors, Yoshihisa Kashima, Joshua White, Paul Michael Garrett, Daniel R. Little, and Muhsin Yesilada. ‘Public Acceptance of Privacy-Encroaching Policies to Address the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 4 September 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/njwmp.

Peter Slattery on Twitter: “Are you, or is anyone you know, researching how COVID-19 has affected behaviour and behavioural drivers in Victoria and Australia, in particular behaviours that related to topics such as ‘active transport’, ‘service provision’, ‘working from home’ and ‘car usage’?” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 23, 2020, from https://twitter.com/peterslattery1/status/1274874801174179840

Tea & Talk Podcast. (2020, June 5). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. https://www.rse.org.uk/publication/tea-talk-podcast/

Nuzzo, J. B., & Sharfstein, J. M. (2020, July 1). Opinion | We Have to Focus on Opening Schools, Not Bars. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/01/opinion/coronavirus-schools.html

Sorokanich, L., Sorokanich, L., & Sorokanich, L. (2020, June 16). Six experts on how we’ll live, work, and play in cities after COVID-19. Fast Company. https://www.fastcompany.com/90506247/six-experts-on-how-well-live-work-and-play-in-cities-after-covid

Admin. (2020, June 8). Institutional Vandalism: The University & Covid-19. Critical Legal Thinking. https://criticallegalthinking.com/2020/06/08/institutional-vandalism-the-university-covid-19/

Spinney, L. (2020, May 31). Covid-19 expert Karl Friston: “Germany may have more immunological ‘dark matter.’” The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/31/covid-19-expert-karl-friston-germany-may-have-more-immunological-dark-matter

Covid-19 is far more widespread than we think. (n.d.). Retrieved June 22, 2020, from https://www.spiked-online.com/2020/06/19/covid-19-is-far-more-widespread-than-we-think/

Jr, C., & De, K. R. (2020). Trying to make sense out of chaos: Science, politics and the COVID-19 pandemic. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 36, e00088120. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00088120

Benvenisti, E. (2020). The WHO – Destined to Fail?: Political Cooperation and the COVID-19 Pandemic (SSRN Scholarly Paper ID 3638948). Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3638948

Obradovich, K. (n.d.). Reynolds says COVID-19 immunity strikes a “balance.” It’s not even close. - Iowa Capital Dispatch. Retrieved July 1, 2020, from https://iowacapitaldispatch.com/2020/06/29/reynolds-says-covid-19-immunity-strikes-a-balance-its-not-even-close/

Building the New Economy · Works in Progress. (n.d.). Works in Progress. Retrieved June 16, 2020, from https://wip.mitpress.mit.edu/new-economy

What Happens to Public Space When Everything Moves Outside. (2020, June 29). Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-06-29/what-happens-to-public-space-when-everything-moves-outside

u/nick_chater (2020) Behavioural Policy Challenge: when does compulsion help? reddit. Retrieved from: https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/hzci8g/behavioural_policy_challenge_when_does_compulsion/

r/BehSciResearch—Looking for partnersfor project on pandemic and adolescents’ wellbeing. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved July 18, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/hrkixd/looking_for_partnersfor_project_on_pandemic_and/

R/BehSciMeta—Introducing “Horizon Scanning”—A new scibeh.org activity. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciMeta/comments/h0xhv8/introducing_horizon_scanning_a_new_scibehorg/

r/BehSciAsk - Issue Radar: Covid-19 and threats to democracy. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved June 18, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciAsk/comments/hbf4g9/issue_radar_covid19_and_threats_to_democracy/

r/BehSciResearch - From social licencing of contact tracing to political accountability: Input sought on next wave of representative surveys in Germany, Spain, and U.K. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved June 18, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciResearch/comments/hbaj58/from_social_licencing_of_contact_tracing_to/

Bennhold, K. (2020, August 26). Schools Can Reopen, Germany Finds, but Expect a ‘Roller Coaster.’ The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/26/world/europe/germany-schools-virus-reopening.html

Van Bavel, J. J., & Myer, A. (2020). National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ydt95

Two intersecting pandemics. (n.d.). Retrieved 1 September 2020, from https://www.imperial.ac.uk/stories/intersecting-pandemics

Rodriguez, C. G., Gadarian, S. K., Goodman, S. W., & Pepinsky, T. (2020). Morbid Polarization: Exposure to COVID-19 and Partisan Disagreement about Pandemic Response [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wvyr7

Zheng, Q., Jones, F. K., Leavitt, S. V., Ung, L., Labrique, A. B., Peters, D. H., Lee, E. C., & Azman, A. S. (2020). HIT-COVID, a global database tracking public health interventions to COVID-19. Scientific Data, 7(1), 286. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00610-2

Lozano, R., Fullman, N., Mumford, J. E., Knight, M., Barthelemy, C. M., Abbafati, C., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abosetugn, A. E., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Haimed, A. K. A., Abushouk, A. I., Adabi, M., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., … Murray, C. J. L. (2020). Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30750-9

Lancet, T. (2020). Research and higher education in the time of COVID-19. The Lancet, 396(10251), 583. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31818-3

Ray, E. L., Wattanachit, N., Niemi, J., Kanji, A. H., House, K., Cramer, E. Y., Bracher, J., Zheng, A., Yamana, T. K., Xiong, X., Woody, S., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Walraven, R. L., Tomar, V., Sherratt, K., Sheldon, D., Reiner, R. C., Prakash, B. A., … Consortium, C.-19 F. H. (2020). Ensemble Forecasts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the U.S. MedRxiv, 2020.08.19.20177493. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.19.20177493

Hurst, D., & Murphy, K. (2020, June 22). Trump’s misleading information enables China to sow discord among allies, research finds. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/23/trumps-misleading-information-enables-china-to-sow-discord-among-allies-research-finds

Covid-19 has decimated independent U.S. primary care practices—How should policymakers and payers respond? (2020, July 2). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/07/02/covid-19-has-decimated-independent-u-s-primary-care-practices-how-should-policymakers-and-payers-respond/

Eichenbaum, M. S., Rebelo, S., & Trabandt, M. (2020). The Macroeconomics of Epidemics (Working Paper No. 26882; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26882

Chang, R., & Velasco, A. (2020). Economic Policy Incentives to Preserve Lives and Livelihoods (Working Paper No. 27020; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27020

COVID-19: Doing It Right. (2020, July 3). Open Mind. https://tamino.wordpress.com/2020/07/03/covid-19-doing-it-right/

Horton, R. (2020). Offline: A novel solution to live with coronavirus. The Lancet, 395(10241), 1894. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31416-1

Basellini, U., Alburez-Gutierrez, D., Del Fava, E., Perrotta, D., Bonetti, M., Camarda, C. G., & Zagheni, E. (2020). Linking excess mortality to Google mobility data during the COVID-19 pandemic in England and Wales [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/75d6m

Stephen Reicher on Twitter: “A very simple question to start the week. Scotland now has a clear strategy to drive towards elimination of the virus. But what is the strategy in England? We have a series of policy changes - open the pubs, end shielding - but we have no clear overall statement of strategy.” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 30, 2020, from https://twitter.com/reicherstephen/status/1277524208185204736

Acosta, M., & Nestore, M. (2020). Comparing public policy implementation in Taiwan and Vietnam in the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak: A review [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/69hqx

Here’s how to stop the virus from winning. (2020, June 26). Science. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2020/06/how-to-stop-coronavirus-surges-from-winning-the-war-cvd/

The Trump administration must stop sidelining the CDC. (2020). Nature, 583(7818), 660–660. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02231-6

Beytía, P., & Infante, C. C. (2020). Digital Pathways, Pandemic Trajectories. Using Google Trends to Track Social Responses to COVID-19 [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/yndb7

Marcus, J. (2020, August 15). The Fun Police Should Stand Down. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/08/containing-the-pandemic-isnt-a-job-for-cops/615298/

Andy Slavitt @ 🏡 on Twitter: “COVID UPDATE July 13: There are successful examples of taking on COVID-19. And there is one story like no others. New York. 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 17, 2020, from https://twitter.com/ASlavitt/status/1282838738121502720

Dynamics of Social Mobility during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Canada. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13376/

Moya, C., Cruz y Celis Peniche, P. D., Kline, M. A., & Smaldino, P. (2020). Dynamics of Behavior Change in the COVID World [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/kxajh

Starominski-Uehara, M. (2020). Reducing the Risks of New Coronavirus in Vulnerable Areas in Brazil [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4739g

Karl Friston: Up to 80% not even susceptible to Covid-19. (2020, June 4). UnHerd. https://unherd.com/2020/06/karl-friston-up-to-80-not-even-susceptible-to-covid-19/

A Literature Review of the Economics of COVID-19. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved July 31, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13411/

Holtz, D., Zhao, M., Benzell, S. G., Cao, C. Y., Rahimian, M. A., Yang, J., Allen, J., Collis, A., Moehring, A., Sowrirajan, T., Ghosh, D., Zhang, Y., Dhillon, P. S., Nicolaides, C., Eckles, D., & Aral, S. (2020). Interdependence and the cost of uncoordinated responses to COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(33), 19837–19843. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009522117

Rahvy, A., & Ridlo, I. A. (2020). A Timeline Response: How Does Islamic Organizations Respond to COVID-19 in Indonesia? https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/kzhy9

Landgrave, M. (2020). How Do Legislators Value Constituent’s (Statistical) Lives? COVID-19, Partisanship, and Value of a Statistical Life Analysis. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/n93w2

Explaining Governors’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 8, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13137/

Rodela, T. T., Tasnim, S., Mazumder, H., Faizah, F., Sultana, A., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). Economic Impacts of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Developing Countries [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/wygpk

Allen-Kinross, P. (n.d.). Government issues contradictory advice on travel quarantine. Full Fact. Retrieved July 16, 2020, from https://fullfact.org/health/coronavirus-travel-quarantine-confusion/

When Do Shelter-​In-Place Orders Fight COVID-19 Best? Policy Heterogeneity across States and Adoption Time. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 7, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13190/

Cronin, C. J., & Evans, W. N. (2020). Private Precaution and Public Restrictions: What Drives Social Distancing and Industry Foot Traffic in the COVID-19 Era? (Working Paper No. 27531; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27531

Mongey, S., Pilossoph, L., & Weinberg, A. (2020). Which Workers Bear the Burden of Social Distancing Policies? (Working Paper No. 27085; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27085

Stay-​At-Home Orders, Social Distancing and Trust. COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved August 5, 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13234/

Qin. X. Yam. K. Xu. M. Zhang. H., (2020) The Increase in COVID-19 Cases is Associated with Domestic Violence. PsyArXiv Preprints. Retrieved from: https://psyarxiv.com/yfkdx/

https://twitter.com/edyong209/status/1256351239039856642

Mishra, V., & Dexter, J. P. (2020). Comparison of Readability of Official Public Health Information About COVID-19 on Websites of International Agencies and the Governments of 15 Countries. JAMA Network Open, 3(8), e2018033–e2018033. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.18033

Althouse, B. M., Wallace, B., Case, B., Scarpino, S. V., Berdahl, A. M., White, E. R., & Hebert-Dufresne, L. (2020). The unintended consequences of inconsistent pandemic control policies. ArXiv:2008.09629 [Physics, q-Bio]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.09629

Liu, Zihan, Drake Van Egdom, Rhona Flin, Christiane Spitzmueller, Omolola Adepoju, and Ramanan Krishnamoorti. ‘I Don’t Want to Go Back: Examining the Return to Physical Workspaces During COVID-19’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 21 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/un2bp.

Online Harms & Disinformation Post-COVID. (n.d.). Retrieved 20 August 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2BmRuXbNhk

Communicating statistics, risks and uncertainty in the age of COVID19 | David Spiegelhalter | 5x15. (n.d.). Retrieved 19 August 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_D9egJHfCw

Romeo, N. (n.d.). What Can America Learn from Europe About Regulating Big Tech? The New Yorker. Retrieved August 19, 2020, from https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/what-can-america-learn-from-europe-about-regulating-big-tech

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh} (2020, August). Erik, as people inside and outside Sweden continue to grapple with what exactly the Swedish strategy might have been, there are two aspects that have seemed potentially troubling to me (and only more so in light of the FOI email releases): Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1295684634529992705

ReconfigBehSci [@SciBeh] (2020, August) "There's no explicit ban on working/going to school when you have an infected family member, that's true." that seems very odd! but, together with the mandatory school policy, if there is no ban on going to school, isn't going to school effectively mandated in these circs? Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1295725710154358791

ReconfigBehSci (2020) what I am getting at (ex lawyer here, sorry) is that given the conjunction of mandatory schooling and explicit statement that it is ok to go to school if infected it is the legal default that the child has to go to school (unless an exception is applied for and granted)!? Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1295728757353963529