Sarah Mojarad. (2020, October 23). What are some of the positive consequences of social media? Would love to hear your stories! [Tweet]. @Sarah_Mojarad. https://twitter.com/Sarah_Mojarad/status/1319722197766733825

ReconfigBehSci. (2020, November 3). As debate on ‘saving the economy versus saving lives’ marches on, it’s worth noting that this type of contrast actually has a name in fallacy research: Https://t.co/N8U4ABWTuh it’s also worth noting that there is now a substantial number of research articles on the topic. 1/n [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1323603017179013130

(((Howard Forman))) on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 16 August 2021, from https://twitter.com/thehowie/status/1408430486955888642

BU Epi COVID Response Corps. (2021, February 17). We’ve seen so many vaccine questions, we did two videos! Here’s part 1 of our vaccine FAQ: https://t.co/gYASlhiwmm [Tweet]. @EpiCOVIDCorps. https://twitter.com/EpiCOVIDCorps/status/1362099096102854657

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @Esseph63: In the phrase that begins, “It’s one rule for them …”, these are the them. Https://t.co/VNb3LI5Q3p’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 16 August 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1414676877873074193

Carl T. Bergstrom. (2022, January 11). Curious if this what @Twitter meant when they talked about their commitment to combat covid disinformation. Https://t.co/sxrhNVTFW8 [Tweet]. @CT_Bergstrom. https://twitter.com/CT_Bergstrom/status/1480760362496446464

https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1514938507407421440.html

A former Redditor's perspective on Musk's purchase offer of Twitter. Sounds like he gets many parts right, but doesn't address the specific toxicity of social media's part in amplifying it all using metrics and algorighms which encourage the fringes to fight. Simply turning off algorithms and tamping down on amplifying marginal content would make it all vastly more human.

Considero que el análisis que hace Elizabeth en su comentario recoge aquellos elementos previos que deberían ser fundamentales a la hora de pensarse cualquier tipo de cambio o avance social como lo son las necesidades de las comunidades, las voces de los sujetos, las barreraras sociales, económicas y culturales, entre muchos otros, que se fusionaran como insumos para plantear propuestas desde lo tecnológico, lo social y lo económico, que beneficien de manera óptima, verdadera y efectiva a las comunidades, lo cual implicará un compromiso continuo por entablar diálogos con el otro, evaluar las estrategias planteadas y sistematizar las experiencias de los sujetos con los mecanismos, esto permitirá que el diseño de las herramientas digitales, sociales y culturales trasciendan de la idea y la propuesta y se maticen en un campo de acción sobre aquellas necesidades y malestares que requieren ser atendidas de manera integral.

Ton has asked some good questions about social annotation using @Hypothes_is. I've annotated with some of my ideas. I'm also curious what others' practices look like.

https://twitter.com/ton_zylstra/status/1513219186524368896

Come give your answers in the margins: https://via.hypothes.is/https://www.zylstra.org/blog/2022/04/three-questions-about-annotating-in-hypothesis/

syndication links: - twitter - zylstra.org

https://www.zylstra.org/blog/2022/04/three-questions-about-annotating-in-hypothesis/

Thanks for asking these questions Ton! I've been meaning to spend some time writing up my use cases and methods for this for a while, and your questions have created a scaffold for getting a large chunk of it done in some bite sized pieces. Now I should be able to roll up my answers into an article, do some light editing and be on my way.

This is a great question and I ask it frequently with many different answers.

I've not seen specific numbers, but I suspect that the majority of Hypothes.is users are annotating in small private groups/classes using their learning management system (LMS) integrations through their university. As a result, using it and hoping for a big social experience is going to be discouraging for most.

Of course this doesn't mean that no one is out there. After all, here you are following my RSS feed of annotations and asking these questions!

I'd say that 95+% or more of my annotations are ultimately for my own learning and ends. If others stumble upon them and find them interesting, then great! But I'm not really here for them.

As more people have begun using Hypothes.is over the past few years I have slowly but surely run into people hiding in the margins of texts and quietly interacted with them and begun to know some of them. Often they're also on Twitter or have their own websites too which only adds to the social glue. It has been one of the slowest social media experiences I've ever had (even in comparison to old school blogging where discovery is much higher in general use). There has been a small uptick (anecdotally) in Hypothes.is use by some in the note taking application space (Obsidian, Roam Research, Logseq, etc.), so I've seen some of them from time to time.

I can only think of one time in the last five or so years in which I happened to be "in a text" and a total stranger was coincidentally reading and annotating at the same time. There have been a few times I've specifically been in a shared text with a small group annotating simultaneously. Other than this it's all been asynchronous experiences.

There are a few people working at some of the social side of Hypothes.is if you're searching for it, though even their Hypothes.is presences may seem as sparse as your own at present @tonz.

Some examples:

@peterhagen Has built an alternate interface for the main Hypothes.is feed that adds some additional discovery dimensions you might find interesting. It highlights some frequent annotators and provide a more visual feed of what's happening on the public Hypothes.is timeline as well as data from HackerNews.

@flancian maintains anagora.org, which is like a planet of wikis and related applications, where he keeps a list of annotations on Hypothes.is by members of the collective at https://anagora.org/latest

@tomcritchlow has experimented with using Hypothes.is as a "traditional" comments section on his personal website.

@remikalir has a nice little tool https://crowdlaaers.org/ for looking at documents with lots of annotations.

Right now, I'm also in an Obsidian-based book club run by Dan Allosso in which some of us are actively annotating the two books using Hypothes.is and dovetailing some of this with activity in a shared Obsidian vault. see: https://boffosocko.com/2022/03/24/55803196/. While there is a small private group for our annotations a few of us are still annotating the books in public. Perhaps if I had a group of people who were heavily interested in keeping a group going on a regular basis, I might find the value in it, but until then public is better and I'm more likely to come across and see more of what's happening out there.

I've got a collection of odd Hypothes.is related quirks, off label use cases, and experiments: https://boffosocko.com/tag/hypothes.is/ including a list of those I frequently follow: https://boffosocko.com/about/following/#Hypothesis%20Feeds

Like good annotations and notes, you've got to put some work into finding the social portion what's happening in this fun little space. My best recommendation to find your "tribe" is to do some targeted tag searches in their search box to see who's annotating things in which you're interested.

To a great extent, Hypothes.is has such a small footprint of users (in comparison to massive platforms like Twitter, Facebook, etc.) that it's never been a performative platform for me. As a design choice they have specifically kept their social media functionalities very sparse, so one also doesn't generally encounter the toxic elements that are rampant in other locations. This helps immensely. I might likely change my tune if it were ever to hit larger scales or experienced the Eternal September effect.

Beyond this, I mostly endeavor to write things for later re-use. As a result I'm trying to write as clearly as possible in full sentences and explain things as best I can so that my future self doesn't need to do heavy work or lifting to recreate the context or do heavy editing. Writing notes in public and knowing that others might read these ideas does hold my feet to the fire in this respect. Half-formed thoughts are often shaky and unclear both to me and to others and really do no one any good. In personal experience they also tend not to be revisited and revised or revised as well as I would have done the first time around (in public or otherwise).

Occasionally I'll be in a rush reading something and not have time for more detailed notes in which case I'll do my best to get the broad gist knowing that later in the day or at least within the week, I'll revisit the notes in my own spaces and heavily elaborate on them. I've been endeavoring to stay away from this bad habit though as it's just kicking the can down the road and not getting the work done that I ultimately want to have. Usually when I'm being fast/lazy, my notes will revert to highlighting and tagging sections of material that are straightforward facts that I'll only be reframing into my own words at a later date for reuse. If it's an original though or comment or link to something important, I'll go all in and put in the actual work right now. Doing it later has generally been a recipe for disaster in my experience.

There have been a few instances where a half-formed thought does get seen and called out. Or it's a thought which I have significantly more personal context for and that is only reflected in the body of my other notes, but isn't apparent in the public version. Usually these provide some additional insight which I hadn't had that makes the overall enterprise more interesting. Here's a recent example, albeit on a private document, but which I think still has enough context to be reasonably clear: https://hypothes.is/a/vmmw4KPmEeyvf7NWphRiMw

There may also be infrequent articles online which are heavily annotated and which I'm excerpting ideas to be reused later. In these cases I may highlight and rewrite them in my own words for later use in a piece, but I'll make them private or put them in a private group as they don't add any value to the original article or potential conversation though they do add significant value to my collection as "literature notes" for immediate reuse somewhere in the future. On broadly unannotated documents, I'll leave these literature notes public as a means of modeling the practice for others, though without the suggestion of how they would be (re-)used for.

All this being said, I will very rarely annotate things privately or in a private group if they're of a very sensitive cultural nature or personal in manner. My current set up with Hypothesidian still allows me to import these notes into Obsidian with my API key. In practice these tend to be incredibly rare for me and may only occur a handful of times in a year.

Generally my intention is that ultimately all of my notes get published in something in a final form somewhere, so I'm really only frontloading the work into the notes now to make the writing/editing process easier later.

While the three index cards of Barthes that were reproduced in the 1977 edition of Roland Barthes by Roland Barthes may have been "primarily for reality-effect value as evidence of an expanding taste for historical documents" as argued by Hollier, it does indicate the value of the collection to Barthes himself as part of an autobiographical work.

I've noticed that one of the cards is very visibly about homosexuality in a time where public discussion of the term was still largely taboo. It would be interesting to have a full translation of the three cards to verify Hollier's claim, as at least this one does indicate the public consumption of the beginning of changing attitudes on previously taboo subject matter, even for a primarily English speaking audience which may not have been able to read or understand them, but would have at least been able to guess the topic.

At least some small subset of the general public might have grown up with an index-card-based note taking practice and guessed at what their value may have been though largely at that point index card note systems were generally on their way out.

https://blog.flickr.net/en/2022/03/17/flickr-forever-2022/

Flickr is creating space for restricted and moderate content. Free users can only have 50 non-public photos.

There is a parallel between these practices and the same sort of practices seen in social media posting, annotating, and bookmarking, however in the digital realm the user interface is so simple that one needn't put very much thought into the process and the results become almost instantaneously meaningless. Was this the case in the medieval context as well, or did the readers/compilers get more out of their practices?

Der formale Zwischenschritt wird kleiner bzw. verschwindet. Ich suche nicht über die Form des Autors nach den Inhalten, sondern direkter nach Inhalten. So gestaltet sich auch die Folksonomie / das social tagging als inhaltsorientierter - es ist nicht mehr wie die Enzyklopädie alphabetisch geordnet.

Personalizing ideas using existing memories is a method of brining new knowledge into one's own personal context and making them easier to remember.

link this to: - the pedagogical idea of context shifting as a means of learning - cards about reframing ideas into one's own words when taking notes

There is a solid group of cards around these areas of learning.

Random thought: Personal learning networks put one into a regular milieu of people who are talking and thinking about topics of interest to the learner. Regular discussions with these people helps one's associative memory by tying the ideas into this context of people with relation to the same topic. Humans are exceedingly good at knowing and responding to social relationships and within a personal learning network, these ties help to create context on an interpersonal level, but also provide scaffolding for the ideas and learning that one hopes to do. These features will tend to reinforce each other over time.

On the flip side of the coin there is anecdotal evidence of friends taking courses together because of their personal relationships rather than their interest in the particular topics.

Virpi Flyg on Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved 1 April 2022, from https://twitter.com/VirpiFlyg/status/1452995562224201736

Health Nerd. (2021, August 29). Fascinating stuff, a whole thread of people saying weird shit about me (and a poem that I’ve said many times was idiotic in hindsight) [Tweet]. @GidMK. https://twitter.com/GidMK/status/1431828103416877058

Social Media Conversations in Support of Herd Immunity are Driven by Bots. (n.d.). Federation Of American Scientists. Retrieved March 31, 2022, from https://fas.org/blogs/fas/2020/10/social-media-conversations-in-support-of-herd-immunity-are-driven-by-bots/

Doebel, Sabine, and Nicole Stucke. ‘Kindchenschema and Cuteness Elicit Interest in Caring for and Playing with Young Children, But Less So in the Presence of Masks’. PsyArXiv, 17 February 2022. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/59rby.

Prof Peter Hotez MD PhD. (2021, December 30). When the antivaccine disinformation crowd declares twisted martyrdom when bumped from social media or condemned publicly: They contributed to the tragic and needless loss of 200,000 unvaccinated Americans since June who believed their antiscience gibberish. They’re the aggressors [Tweet]. @PeterHotez. https://twitter.com/PeterHotez/status/1476393357006065670

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 20). RT @CaulfieldTim: Timothy Caulfield: Misinformation – Vaccines, Vaccine Hesitancy & Media https://youtu.be/wQSIo1AmQMw via @CARPNews @Zoomer… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1472984068291764224

https://world.hey.com/dhh/we-can-t-thrive-without-friction-6cb38fd3

Brupbacher, M., & Vögeli, P. (2022, January 31). Wegen Corona-Massnahmen – Die Masern sind in der Schweiz verschwunden – bleibt das so? Tages-Anzeiger. https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/die-masern-sind-in-der-schweiz-verschwunden-bleibt-das-so-164628795215

Akaliyski, P., Taniguchi, N., Park, J., & Gehrig, S. (2022, February 4). The COVID-19 Pandemic Inflicts Lasting Changes in Societal Values in Japan. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gx5mn

ReconfigBehSci. (2022, January 26). RT @PsyArXivBot: Confidence of others trumps confidence of self in social information use https://t.co/Tvanez1cjS [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1502295445527277574

https://sanlive.com/desocial/

Social media has to some extent democratized the access to media, however there are not nearly enough processes for creating negative feedback to dampen ideas which shouldn't or wouldn't have gained footholds in a mass society.

We need more friction in some portions of the social media space to prevent the dissemination of un-useful, negative, and destructive ideas swamping out the positive ones. The accelerative force of algorithmic feeds for the most extreme ideas in particular is one of the most caustic ideas of the last quarter of a century.

Agrawal, M., Peterson, J., Cohen, J. D., & Griffiths, T. (2022). Stress, Intertemporal Choice, and Mitigation Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ureqg

https://vi.to/hubs/micro-camp-march-2022/pages/micro-camp-march-2022-town-hall-mp4?sidebar=shown&v=%2Fvideos%2F4859

@pratik Mastodon caps at 500 as a default. The information density of the particular language/character set is certainly part of the calculus.

Here's a few to start (and see their related references): - https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/How-Constraints-Affect-Content%3A-The-Case-of-Switch-Gligoric-Anderson/de77e2b6abae20a728d472744557d722499efef5 - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-019-0280-3

https://book.micro.blog/

People are so quick to point out the lack of interest for people (and programmers, esp.) to pay for software. If this were distributed as HTML, maybe a way to hack around this unfortunate cognitive hangup would be to frame it as If you're buying an ebook: the manual for the software. It just so happens that this manual can be interpreted by a machine.

I'm reminded of a reference recently to Republicans being upset that poor people of color would "waste" their money on frivolities like manicures and fake fingernails instead of on food or other necessities. How might this tie into the argument made in this book?

Inasaridze, K. (2022). COVID-19-related symptoms’ assessment tool. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wf8rv

Fidalgo, P. (2022, February 22). How the Hell Did It Get This Bad? Timothy Caulfield Battles the Infodemic, March 3 | Center for Inquiry. https://centerforinquiry.org/news/how-the-hell-did-it-get-this-bad-timothy-caulfield-battles-the-infodemic-march-3/

Apparently Persuall was embarrassed about their pro-surveillance capitalism stance and perhaps not so much for its lack of kindness and care for the basic humanity of students.

Sad that they haven't explained or apologized for their misstep.

https://web.archive.org/web/20220222022208/https://twitter.com/perusall/status/1495945680002719751

Additional context: https://twitter.com/search?q=(%40perusall)%20until%3A2022-02-23%20since%3A2022-02-21&src=typed_query

https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/1494102154839306240.html

On Yale not giving tenure to Michael W. Kraus...

How cherry-picking science became the center of the anti-mask movement. (2022, February 14). Gothamist. https://gothamist.com

Even when taught that some methods of learning don't work, students will still actively use and focus on them.

Are those using social annotation purposely helping students to steer clear of these methods? is there evidence that the social part of some of these related annotation or conversational practices with both the text and one's colleagues helpful? Do they need to be taken out of the text and done in a more explicit manner in a lecture/discussion section or in a book club like setting similar to that of Dan Allossso's or even within a shared space like the Obsidian book club to have more value?

In modern literate contexts, it is easier to establish doubletalk in oral contexts than it is in written contexts as the written is more easily reviewed for clarity and concreteness. Verbal ticks like "you know what I mean", "it's easy to see/show", and other versions of similar hand-waving arguments that indicate gaps in thinking and arguments are far easier to identify in writing than they are in speech where social pressure may cause the audience to agree without actually following the thread of the argument. Writing certainly allows for timeshiting, but it explicitly also expands time frames for grasping and understanding a full argument in a way not commonly seen in oral settings.

Note that this may not be the case in primarily oral cultures which may take specific steps to mitigate these patterns.

Link this to the anthropology example from Scott M. Lacy of the (Malian?) tribe that made group decisions by repeating a statement from the lowest to the highest and back again to ensure understanding and agreement.

This difference in communication between oral and literate is one which leaders can take advantage of in leading their followers astray. An example is Donald Trump who actively eschewed written communication or even reading in general in favor of oral and highly emotional speech. This generally freed him from the need to make coherent and useful arguments.

News ·, A. M. · C. (2022, January 15). Canadian COVID-19 vaccine study seized on by anti-vaxxers—Highlighting dangers of early research in pandemic | CBC News. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/health/covid-19-vaccine-study-omicron-anti-vaxxers-1.6315890

Smith, L. E., Potts, H. W. W., Amlȏt, R., Fear, N. T., Michie, S., & Rubin, G. J. (2022). Tiered restrictions for COVID-19 in England: Knowledge, motivation and self-reported behaviour. Public Health, 204, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2021.12.016

Deepti Gurdasani. (2022, February 8). Exactly this 👇 We never talk about the huge benefits mitigations have had in reducing other respiratory illnesses... Which means deaths from other causes have reduced. Excess deaths are not a good indicator of COVID-19 deaths—Which we should be doing a lot more to prevent! [Tweet]. @dgurdasani1. https://twitter.com/dgurdasani1/status/1491123632349024256

How pandemic isolation is affecting young kids’ developing minds. (2022, February 11). Science. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/how-pandemic-isolation-is-affecting-young-kids-developing-minds

ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @bhrenton: Preliminary look into the visitor locations to https://t.co/j5ei0O4u1e mapped with new COVID-19 cases shows some overlaps, bu…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 13 February 2022, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1483697294373531652

Singh, K., Lima, G., Cha, M., Cha, C., Kulshrestha, J., Ahn, Y.-Y., & Varol, O. (2022). Misinformation, believability, and vaccine acceptance over 40 countries: Takeaways from the initial phase of the COVID-19 infodemic. PLOS ONE, 17(2), e0263381. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263381

Meyerowitz-Katz, G., Bhatt, S., Ratmann, O., Brauner, J. M., Flaxman, S., Mishra, S., Sharma, M., Mindermann, S., Bradley, V., Vollmer, M., Merone, L., & Yamey, G. (2021). Is the cure really worse than the disease? The health impacts of lockdowns during COVID-19. BMJ Global Health, 6(8), e006653. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006653

Fox News goes all-in promoting anti-vaccine mandate Canadian truckers. (n.d.). Media Matters for America. Retrieved February 11, 2022, from https://www.mediamatters.org/coronavirus-covid-19/fox-news-goes-all-promoting-anti-vaccine-mandate-canadian-truckers

Smyth, G., & News ·, L. D. · C. (2022, February 9). 2 B.C. doctors went on a COVID-19 speaking tour. Colleagues say their misinformation put public at risk | CBC News. CBC. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bc-doctors-covid-misinformation-1.6334580

Michaud, M., & Center, U. of R. M. (n.d.). Trust in science at root of vaccine acceptance. Retrieved February 8, 2022, from https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-01-science-root-vaccine.html

Willett, J. D. S. (n.d.). Omicron: Vaccines remain the best defence against this COVID-19 variant and others. The Conversation. Retrieved February 8, 2022, from http://theconversation.com/omicron-vaccines-remain-the-best-defence-against-this-covid-19-variant-and-others-174195

Stephan Lewandowsky. (2022, January 15). This is an extremely important development. The main vector for misinformation are not fringe websites but “mainstream” politicians who inherit and adapt fringe material. So keeping track of their effect is crucial, and this is a very welcome first step by @_mohsen_m @DG_Rand 1/n [Tweet]. @STWorg. https://twitter.com/STWorg/status/1482265289022746628

Independent SAGE. (2022, February 7). An announcement from @allthecitizens: Https://t.co/RK5opmUFSs [Tweet]. @IndependentSage. https://twitter.com/IndependentSage/status/1490633910300119044

Enough with the harassment: How to deal with anti-vax cults. (2022, January 26). Healthy Debate. https://healthydebate.ca/2022/01/topic/how-to-deal-with-anti-vax-cults/

Democracy in the age of social media. (n.d.). EXPeditions - Meet the World’s Best Minds. Retrieved February 5, 2022, from https://www.joinexpeditions.com/exps/43

Horita, Y., & Yamazaki, M. (2022). Generalized and behavioral trust: Correlation with nominating close friends in a social network. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xu8k3

Gradassi, A., Bos, W. van den, & Molleman, L. (2022). Confidence of others trumps confidence of self in social information use. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mqyu2

Salali, G. D., Uysal, M. S., Bozyel, G., Akpınar, E., & Aksu, A. (2022). Does social influence affect COVID-19 vaccination intention among the unvaccinated? PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5qc3z

This article is for those who want to keep traveling despite restrictions due to covid. Basically giving tips on how to navigate the multiple governmental restrictions and policies including links to airline or country websites for choosing destinations. Because of this trend in travel advice in covid times, we may see attitudes towards travel shift to travel knowing the risks involved (quarantine, masks requirements, etc.) and hence see tourism rise again. Last minute covid holiday packages. What if the trend for remaining home also stayed the same for next five years and the adventure seekers become the avatars for the folks who want to stay at home.

The crisis is changing the way how people will enjoy their international holiday, with an extra concern on testing and quarantine expenses and risk taking. That may have an impact on the tourism market, asking the airline companies to provide flexible policies /products and may witness the booming of travel insurance market.

Nursing professionals are facing with severe sleep problems during the covid 19 pandemic time. Nurses were asked to work in an environment that had a more increased level of risk than ever before. Depression and anxiety from the workplace could affect the confidence of healthcare workers in themselves as well as general trust in the healthcare system. This will lead to their turnover intention which may undermine the efforts of the governments to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The rising concern may change the working schedules of healthcare workers, offering more occupational healthcare support.

UN Guide of how companies should adress and respect human rights.

Navlakha, M. (2022, January 24). On Substack, COVID misinformation is allowed to flourish. Mashable. https://mashable.com/article/substack-covid-misinformation

Grüning, D. J., Panizza, F., & Lorenz-Spreen, P. (2022). The importance of informative interventions in a wicked environment. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/azsbn

Perach, R., & Limbu, M. (2022). Can culture beat Covid-19? Evidence that exposure to facemasks with cultural symbols increases solidarity. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hcxqz

https://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/examples-of-essential-questions/

voir le constat de la DAPEP

Some trucker convoy organizers have history of white nationalism, racism—National | Globalnews.ca. (n.d.). Global News. Retrieved January 31, 2022, from https://globalnews.ca/news/8543281/covid-trucker-convoy-organizers-hate/

Evershed, N. (n.d.). The simple numbers every government should use to fight anti-vaccine misinformation. The Guardian. Retrieved January 30, 2022, from https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/ng-interactive/2022/jan/28/the-simple-numbers-every-government-should-use-to-fight-anti-vaccine-misinformation