https://www.instagram.com/p/CYCPe2Lsetq/
Circles of personal access in social media.
https://www.instagram.com/p/CYCPe2Lsetq/
Circles of personal access in social media.
The Annodex annotation format for time-continuous bitstreams, Version 2.0 draft-pfeiffer-annodex-01
Abstract
This specification defines a file format for annotating and indexing time-continuous bitstreams for the World Wide Web. The format has been named "Annodex" for annotating and indexing. The Annodex format enables the specification of named anchor points in time-continuous bitstreams together with textual annotations and hyperlinks in URI [4] format. These anchor points are merged time-synchronously with the time-continuous bitstreams when authoring a file in Annodex format. The ultimate aim of the Annodex format is to enable an integration of time-continous bitstreams into the browsing and searching functionality of the World Wide Web.
Deepti Gurdasani. (2021, December 23). Some brief thoughts on the concerning relativism I’ve seen creeping into media, and scientific rhetoric over the past 20 months or so—The idea that things are ok because they’re better relative to a point where things got really really bad. 🧵 [Tweet]. @dgurdasani1. https://twitter.com/dgurdasani1/status/1474042179110772736
Intellectual historians have never really abandoned the GreatMan theory of history. They often write as if all important ideas in agiven age can be traced back to one or other extraordinary individual– whether Plato, Confucius, Adam Smith or Karl Marx – rather thanseeing such authors’ writings as particularly brilliant interventions indebates that were already going on in taverns or dinner parties orpublic gardens (or, for that matter, lecture rooms), but whichotherwise might never have been written down
The Great Man theory of history is the misconception that all the most important ideas can be traced back to a single great individual—usually a man—and ignoring the fact that they had likely been brewing in the social milieu of their time before being encapsulated, like a bug in ember, by a particular writer who then gets an outsized amount of credit for "inventing" the idea.
I wonder if the effect of social media and ubiquity of communication will dampen this effect?
She thinks the companies themselves are behind this, trying to manipulate their users into having certain opinions and points of view.
The irony is that this is, itself, somewhat a conspiracy theory.
Though, I think a nuanced understanding may be closer:
About 7 in 10 Americans think their phone or other devices are listening in on them in ways they did not agree to.
I'm enough of a tinfoil hat wearer to this this might be true. Especially since my google home talks to me entirely too much when I'm not talking to it.
Only 10 percent say Facebook has a positive impact on society, while 56 percent say it has a negative impact and 33 percent say its impact is neither positive nor negative. Even among those who use Facebook daily, more than three times as many say the social network has a negative rather than a positive impact.
Here's the rub. Only 1 out of 10 Americans surveyed think Facebook is a good idea.
Over half of Americans surveyed actually think Facebook is bad for them and society as a whole. And yet, the general sense is now that life is impossible without it.
How does the church respond to this? Do we tell people to get off or "use in moderation?"
Zewe, A., & Technology, M. I. of. (2021, December 19). MIT Scientists Find Clues to Why Fake News Snowballs on Social Media. SciTechDaily. https://scitechdaily.com/mit-scientists-find-clues-to-why-fake-news-snowballs-on-social-media/
Acme Birch Beer. (2021, December 13). A long thread on @NYTimes/@washingtonpost/@TheAtlantic’s favorite prediction-making expert, Monica Gandhi. Feb 22, 2021: “I need to say variants, shmariants, okay? I’m sorry, I don’t know what kind of trouble that’s going to get me in...” https://t.co/CwQL6QBG78 [Tweet]. @KindAndUnblind. https://twitter.com/KindAndUnblind/status/1470389931679883268
Courtney, D. S., & Bliuc, A.-M. (2021). Antecedents of Vaccine Hesitancy in WEIRD and East Asian Contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 5873. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.747721
Timothy Caulfield. (2021, December 14). @LuisSchang @joerogan The Great Conspiracy Theory Paradox! Https://t.co/sEPuwvXJKp [Tweet]. @CaulfieldTim. https://twitter.com/CaulfieldTim/status/1470818785867153408
Vaccination among the pregnant lagging despite growing evidence of safety and efficacy. (2021, December 10). Healthy Debate. https://healthydebate.ca/2021/12/topic/vaccination-pregnant-safe-efficacy/
How to report on public officials who spread misinformation. (2021, December 8). The Journalist’s Resource. https://journalistsresource.org/home/covering-misinformation-tips/
Schmid, P., & Lewandowsky, S. (n.d.). Tackling COVID disinformation with empathy and conversation. The Conversation. Retrieved December 15, 2021, from http://theconversation.com/tackling-covid-disinformation-with-empathy-and-conversation-173013
NSW Health. (2021, November 28). OMICRON VARIANT CONFIRMED IN NSW CASES https://t.co/s0Z4hWYsSH [Tweet]. @NSWHealth. https://twitter.com/NSWHealth/status/1464837049291186180
A potential tool to replace Goodreads.
<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Kevin Smokler</span> in Kevin Smokler on Twitter: "who else is planning a shift from @goodreads to @thestorygraph in the coming year? Eh, @readandbreathe ?" / Twitter (<time class='dt-published'>12/13/2021 20:39:28</time>)</cite></small>
ReconfigBehSci. (2021, December 13). RT @CaulfieldTim: India, U.S. account for a quarter of #COVID19 #misinformation: @UAlberta study https://ualberta.ca/folio/2021/12/india-us-account-for-a-quarter-of-covid-19-misinformation-study.html “Misinformation s… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1470435900073168907
Health Nerd. (2021, December 13). Accusing everyone you disagree with of being a shill for pharmaceutical companies is a very simple way to tell anyone with even the slightest insight that you have absolutely no idea what you’re talking about and no desire to do simple things to educate yourself [Tweet]. @GidMK. https://twitter.com/GidMK/status/1470287869168152576
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/07/books/social-media-following-book-publishing.html
In an effort to mitigate these issues, some book contracts now specify the number of posts required before and after a book is published.
Perhaps better would be stipulations in the contract that incentivize authors to leverage their platforms in the form of bonuses while removing the advance money in lieu. Make the author part of the promotion, which has been part of the movement in publishing for the last decade.
Tamika D. Mallory, a social activist with over a million Instagram followers, was paid over $1 million for a two-book deal. But her first book, “State of Emergency,” has sold just 26,000 print copies since it was published in May, according to BookScan.
Following numbers can't matter as much as something like daily or weekly engagement, which might be a better predictor for book sales.
“It’s become more and more important as the years went on,” said Marc Resnick, executive editor at St. Martin’s Press. “We learned some hard lessons along the way, which is that a tweet or a post is not necessarily going to sell any books, if it’s not the right person with the right book and the right followers at the right time.”
This seems like common sense to me, why hasn't the industry grokked it?
https://mastodon.social/@Decentralize_today/105568887053100411
This is pretty hilarious.
Antivaccine activists use a government database on side effects to scare the public. (n.d.). Retrieved December 7, 2021, from https://www.science.org/content/article/antivaccine-activists-use-government-database-side-effects-scare-public
Wagner, D. N., Marcon, A. R., & Caulfield, T. (2020). “Immune Boosting” in the time of COVID: Selling immunity on Instagram. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, 16(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-020-00474-6
Dirk Jacobs. (2021, December 7). German brands, incl. Food companies and retailers, teaming up in the pro-vaccination 💉 campaign #ZusammenGegenCorona https://t.co/pOc1Z4xcb1 [Tweet]. @DirkJacobsEU. https://twitter.com/DirkJacobsEU/status/1468162770801762308
Sean Phelan. (2021, November 26). Striking how some media coverage is assuming (without caveats) that the Belgian case brought the new variant “from” Egypt or Turkey.There’s no chance they picked it up after returning to Belgium of course. How could that happen..we only have a 7-day average of 17,000 cases a day [Tweet]. @seanphelan8. https://twitter.com/seanphelan8/status/1464252432033136659
Axios AM. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2021, from https://www.axios.com/newsletters/axios-am-60b47701-a3e9-408f-b77a-0a752d789edf.html?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=newsletter_axiosam&stream=top
American vaccine disinformation used as ‘Trojan horse’ for far right in New Zealand. (n.d.). NBC News. Retrieved December 3, 2021, from https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/american-vaccine-disinformation-used-trojan-horse-far-right-new-zealan-rcna6423
Oladipo, G. (2021, November 14). ‘Detox’ routines won’t undo Covid vaccine, experts tell anti-vaxxers. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/14/covid-vaccine-mandate-detox-borax-bath
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @NBCNewsNow: Covid conspiracy theories born in the U.S. are having a deadly impact around the world. @BrandyZadrozny takes us to Roman…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 3 December 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1466065323879243782
An analogous situation is the use of visiting cards: “ One arrives at one of the famous spas, a couple of hours after arriving one sends out a few hundred visiting cards, and the same day one is introduced to the whole society of the resort, and acquainted with two to three hundred people as if one had already lived
with them for many years.” 62
What ever happened to visiting cards? They should make a resurgence in the social media space, n'cest pas?
Here, I also briefl y digress and examine two coinciding addressing logics: In the same decade and in the same town, the origin of the card index cooccurs with the invention of the house number. This establishes the possibility of abstract representation of (and controlled access to) both texts and inhabitants.
Curiously, and possibly coincidently, the idea of the index card and the invention of the house number co-occur in the same decade and the same town. This creates the potential of abstracting the representation of information and people into numbers for easier access and linking.
US white supremacists targeting under-vaxxed Aboriginal communities, WA Premier says. (2021, December 2). ABC News. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-02/us-white-supremacists-targeting-aboriginal-communities-in-wa/100670090
Richard Hodkinson 💙. (2021, December 1). @Twitter why are you promoting civil war #Bürgerkrieg in Germany? @TwitterSupport Can you try to be at least slightly responsible about ot promoting these antivaxers? Https://t.co/iXTdktPLRn [Tweet]. @richardhod. https://twitter.com/richardhod/status/1466111888027271171
How the Far-Right Is Radicalizing Anti-Vaxxers. (n.d.). Retrieved December 2, 2021, from https://www.vice.com/en/article/88ggqa/how-the-far-right-is-radicalizing-anti-vaxxers
Smith, B. (2021, November 29). Inside the ‘Misinformation’ Wars. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/28/business/media-misinformation-disinformation.html
Wise, J. (2021). Headlines play down the gravity of covid-19 in children. BMJ, 375, n2826. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2826
The Left’s Covid failure. (2021, November 23). UnHerd. https://unherd.com/2021/11/the-lefts-covid-failure/
https://site.pennpress.org/material-texts-2021/9780812224955/bitstreams/
Something about this seems related to the ideas of archiving and saving digital and physical culture.
Al-Hasan, A., Khuntia, J., & Yim, D. (2021). Does Seeing What Others Do Through Social Media Influence Vaccine Uptake and Help in the Herd Immunity Through Vaccination? A Cross-Sectional Analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 1668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.715931
On iOS and desktop, Twitter Blue members will enjoy a fast-loading, ad-free reading experience when they visit many of their favorite news sites available in the US from Twitter, such as The Washington Post, L.A. Times, USA TODAY, The Atlantic, Reuters, The Daily Beast, Rolling Stone, BuzzFeed, Insider and The Hollywood Reporter.
I just want Scroll back...
Facebook froze as anti-vaccine comments swarmed users. (n.d.). MSN. Retrieved November 12, 2021, from https://www.msn.com/en-ca/news/science/facebook-froze-as-anti-vaccine-comments-swarmed-users/ar-AAPY06U
Cochrane. (2021, November 10). 🤔 Um, @instagram you got this one wrong! @cochranecollab and @CochraneLibrary continue to be there for those looking to use high-quality information to make #health decisions. Learn more: Https://buff.ly/2R3c82O And search our evidence: Https://buff.ly/2vbkhIJ #infodemic https://t.co/m6NUItZ3tu [Tweet]. @cochranecollab. https://twitter.com/cochranecollab/status/1458439812357185536
Kale, S. (2021, November 11). Chakras, crystals and conspiracy theories: How the wellness industry turned its back on Covid science. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/11/injecting-poison-will-never-make-you-healthy-how-the-wellness-industry-turned-its-back-on-covid-science
Caulfield, T. (2021, October 18). The Golden Age of Junk Science Is Killing Us. Men’s Health. https://www.menshealth.com/health/a37910261/how-junk-science-and-misinformation-hurt-us/
Wiseman, E. (2021, October 17). The dark side of wellness: The overlap between spiritual thinking and far-right conspiracies. The Observer. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2021/oct/17/eva-wiseman-conspirituality-the-dark-side-of-wellness-how-it-all-got-so-toxic
Linda Clauson. (2021, November 6). Join us for the Scope and Scale of Online Intimidation: How social media is a tool for both supporting and disrupting the circulation of credible info and analysis. With @CaulfieldTim, @whkchun @gruzd @JuliaMWrightDal Register here: Https://events.myconferencesuite.com/RSC_COEE2021/reg/landing https://t.co/SY4ZjGF2Me [Tweet]. @lindaz_clauson. https://twitter.com/lindaz_clauson/status/1457067508171780105
Recommended Reading: Amazon’s algorithms, conspiracy theories and extremist literature. (n.d.). ISD. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from https://www.isdglobal.org/isd-publications/recommended-reading-amazons-algorithms-conspiracy-theories-and-extremist-literature/
Echols, W. (n.d.). Wild Conspiracy Theory Linking Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine To ‘Lucifer’ Goes Viral. POLYGRAPH.Info. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from https://www.polygraph.info/a/fact-check-pfizer-vaccine-luciferase-newsmax/31546045.html
The purpose here is not to reinvestigate or relitigate any of their cases. Some of those I interviewed have behaved in ways that I, or readers of this article, may well consider ill-judged or immoral, even if they were not illegal. I am not here questioning all of the new social codes that have led to their dismissal or their effective isolation. Many of these social changes are clearly positive.
This sounds a lot like the article How One Stupid Tweet Blew Up Justine Sacco’s Life though in that case it was a single instance and these examples here may go beyond social media.
Though I'm curious if all of them will entail social media as a (major?) factor in how they played out.
In America, of course, we don’t have that kind of state coercion. There are currently no laws that shape what academics or journalists can say; there is no government censor, no ruling-party censor. But fear of the internet mob, the office mob, or the peer-group mob is producing some similar outcomes. How many American manuscripts now remain in desk drawers—or unwritten altogether—because their authors fear a similarly arbitrary judgment? How much intellectual life is now stifled because of fear of what a poorly worded comment would look like if taken out of context and spread on Twitter?
Fear of cancel culture and social repercussions prevents people from speaking and communicating as they might otherwise.
Compare this with the right to reach, particularly for those without editors, filtering, or having built a platform and understanding how to use it responsibly.
A brief review/interview with a book author who eschews many new technologies and why.
https://www.eventbrite.com/e/logging-off-facebook-what-comes-next-tickets-201128228947
Not attending, but an interesting list of people and related projects to watch.
Epstein, Z., Sirlin, N., Arechar, A. A., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2021). Social Media Sharing Reduces Truth Discernment. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/q4bd2
NHS Covid-19 app is not the third most expensive project ever. (15:49:06.328284+00:00). Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/online/track-and-trace-project-cost/
Frost, M. (n.d.). Busting COVID-19 vaccination myths. Retrieved November 2, 2021, from https://acpinternist.org/archives/2021/11/busting-covid-19-vaccination-myths.htm
ffost guides to research devote a few pages to methods of note takingW but they lag behind thenew technologiesi seeW for exampleW xacques parzun and venry tY uraffW The ́odern ResearcherS]gcei postonW ]gg‘TY
Might be interesting to look at this reference to see what she's referring to specifically.
It would be interesting to see how note taking is changing with even newer digital tools like Hypothes.is, Diigo, Twitter, Readwise, etc.
Perhaps the growth of digital gardens in public may be a place for study as well? Though one would need to be wary of the idea of performative note taking as these are often done specifically in public as opposed to private as is more common in the past.
wn oral cultures the sorting function canbe performedW for exampleW by integration into a narrative Sstorytelling orbardic poetryTY
The sorting function is also done by mental links from one space to another similar to the method of loci in Western culture. cross reference the idea of songlines
́herange of storage media operative in different historical contexts includesthe marked stone tokenW the clay tabletW the knotted cord or quipuW the paX
pyrus scroll and the sheet of parchment.
Which others is she missing from a mnemonics perspective? I'm impressed that she indicates the khipu, but there are certainly other indigenous methods from oral cultures.
Facebook could shift the burden of proof toward people and communities to demonstrate that they’re good actors—and treat reach as a privilege, not a right.
Nice to see someone else essentially saying something along the lines that "free speech" is not the same as "free reach".
Traditional journalism has always had thousands of gatekeepers who filtered and weighed who got the privilege of reach. Now anyone with an angry, vile, or upsetting message can get it for free. This is one of the worst parts of what Facebook allows.
Facebook has dismissed the concerns of its employees in manifold ways. One of its cleverer tactics is to argue that staffers who have raised the alarm about the damage done by their employer are simply enjoying Facebook’s “very open culture,” in which people are encouraged to share their opinions, a spokesperson told me.
Why people believe Covid conspiracy theories: Could folklore hold the answer? | Coronavirus | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved October 26, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2021/oct/26/why-people-believe-covid-conspiracy-theories-could-folklore-hold-the-answer
<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Peter Hagen</span> in Peter Hagen (@peterhagen_) / Twitter (<time class='dt-published'>10/25/2021 09:47:19</time>)</cite></small>
Is Facebook ‘Killing Us’? A new study investigates. (n.d.). Retrieved October 25, 2021, from https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2021/07/is-facebook-killing-us-a-new-study-investigates/
Andersson, P., Västfjäll, D., & Tinghög, G. (2021). The effect of herd immunity thresholds on willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/b2qx8
Thaker, J., & Richardson, L. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Segments in Australia: An Audience Segmentation Analysis to Improve Vaccine Uptake [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y85nm
How online misinformation spreads. (n.d.). Retrieved October 19, 2021, from https://knowablemagazine.org/article/society/2021/how-online-misinformation-spreads
We propose a tri-relationship embedding framework TriFN, which models publisher-news relations and user-news interactions simultaneously for fake news classification. We conduct experiments on two real-world datasets, which demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms other baseline methods for fake news detection.
It was said in the conclusion that the TriFN can have a good fake news detection performance in the early stage of information dissemination because of the interactions in social media. User credibility was also mentioned since low credibility users tend to spread fake news.
This means that users play a big part in detecting and reducing fake news in social media. Let's be responsible to only share credible news articles and report the misleading ones.
THE SUNDAY THING
The love of money is the root of all evil
This week, Michael Gungor asked us to discuss money in our breakout groups.
We outsource our power and authority to those who claim to have greater access to capital, because we underestimate and undervalue our own social influence, economic capacity, and political agency. The entreprecariat is designed for learned helplessness (social: individualism), trained incapacities (economic: specialization), and bureaucratic intransigence (political: authoritarianism). https://hypothes.is/a/667dOC0bEeyV6Itx3ySxmw
Indigenous cultures in Canada were disempowered by outlawing the cultural practice of generosity (potlatch) and replacing the practice with centralized power over the medium of exchange: money. Money is a mechanism of disempowerment.
Money is a shared story we tell ourselves about what has value. https://www.npr.org/transcripts/795246685
We translated “ekklesia” as church. It is the deliberative body of the experiment in democracy in Athens, Greece. The people who are figuring out how to live together in the commons. The work of the people. The Liturgists.
In this hour, On the Media looks at the story of money, from its uncertain origins to its digital reinvention in the form of cryptocurrency.
On the Media: Full Faith & Credit
People were also discussing Squid Game.
Squid Game was on my mind today before the call. “The reality of the history of Canada’s mining industry makes #SquidGame look like child’s play.” https://twitter.com/bauhouse/status/1449726452098682881?s=20
The truth is that all of the gold that was mined out of the Klondike was under Indigenous land. There was no treaty with any of Indigenous peoples in the Yukon.
However, we know that money is a fiction, a story that we tell ourselves. Money is a story about what and who has value. This scale of human value that we call money is fake. But if enough people believe it, that idea of money becomes our reality.
In this hour, On the Media looks at the story of money, from its uncertain origins to its digital reinvention in the form of cryptocurrency.
In this hour, On the Media looks at the story of money, from its uncertain origins to its digital reinvention in the form of cryptocurrency.
Ten autumns ago came two watershed moments in the history of money. In September 2008, the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers triggered a financial meltdown from which the world has yet to fully recover. The following month, someone using the name Satoshi Nakamoto introduced BitCoin, the first cryptocurrency. Before our eyes, the very architecture of money was evolving — potentially changing the world in the process. In this hour, On the Media looks at the story of money, from its uncertain origins to its digital reinvention in the form of cryptocurrency.
Iacobucci, G. (2021). Covid and flu: What do the numbers tell us about morbidity and deaths? BMJ, n2514. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2514
‘Error in judgement’: CBC Edmonton regrets mannequin’s use in COVID-19 news report | National Post. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2021, from https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/error-in-judgement-cbc-edmonton-regrets-mannequins-use-in-covid-19-news-report?utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Twitter#Echobox=1634226060-1
Yowei gets a tip about Russian trolls in Stockton, California and falls down a hole of swirling conspiracy theories.
A podcast about journalism with a purpose.
The podcast focuses on the troubled history of “objectivity” and how it has been used to gatekeep and exclude people of color, queer and trans people, and people organizing for their labor rights and communities.
I learned about this podcast through Sandy and Nora.
From a six hour service outage to a senate whistleblower hearing, the PR disasters keep mounting for Facebook.
Grierson, J., Milmo, D., & Farah, H. (2021, October 8). Revealed: Anti-vaccine TikTok videos being viewed by children as young as nine. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/oct/08/revealed-anti-vaccine-tiktok-videos-viewed-children-as-young-as-nine-covid
Former anti-vax Edson woman shares husband’s COVID-19 ICU horror story | Edmonton Journal. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://edmontonjournal.com/news/local-news/former-anti-vax-edson-woman-shares-husbands-covid-19-icu-horror-story
Shematologist, MD on Twitter: “How it started. How it’s going. Https://t.co/il5DWFm11W” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2021, from https://twitter.com/acweyand/status/1442304094945873922
Before the use of computers, scientific knowledge was mainly recorded on paper, using three forms of notation: written language, images, and tables. Written text combines plain language, domain-specific vocabulary, and shorthand notation such as mathematical formulas. Images include both drawings and observations captured in photographs, radiographs, etc. Tables represent datasets, which are most often numerical.
On the relationship between media, representation, communication and thinking, this part remembers me of Bret's Victor Media for Thinking the Unthinkable
In some talk, I don't remember if this one, Victor says that using printing media as the main medium for communication is kind of an historical accident. It could be sound, or other media as main representation/communication vehicle.
On my own memories, I remember thinking the relationship between representation and processing/cognition in my early undergrad years as a freshmen, when I saw the two notations for derivates (Leibnitz's and Newton's) and how both make some kind of operations easier (or not). The example I came with, to explain such insight to my postgrad education sciences students later, without appealing to calculus was multiplying in roman numbers versus in arabic ones (and example I would find years later is also employed by Victor)
How to Create a Social Media Platform: Technologies, Features, and Cost
Sutton, J. (2018). Health Communication Trolls and Bots Versus Public Health Agencies’ Trusted Voices. American Journal of Public Health, 108(10), 1281–1282. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304661
Bode, L., & Vraga, E. K. (2018). See Something, Say Something: Correction of Global Health Misinformation on Social Media. Health Communication, 33(9), 1131–1140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2017.1331312
Drawing from his own experiences fighting for the French resistance against the Vichy regime, Ellul offers a unique insight into the propaganda machine.
Why is Jacques Ellul believable when he takes a psychological and sociological approach to understanding propaganda? Because he lived through the Nazi invasion of his own country and became a leader in resistance to the Vichy regime.
As we live in times when populist movements are outsourcing influence, capacity, and agency to authoritarian leaders who purport to be able to solve our problems, we are horrified to realize that we also have been merely following orders in the work to imagine, design, and build the fascist architecture of modern society.
Kington, R. S., Arnesen, S., Chou, W.-Y. S., Curry, S. J., Lazer, D., & Villarruel, and A. M. (2021). Identifying Credible Sources of Health Information in Social Media: Principles and Attributes. NAM Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.31478/202107a
Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2021). Nudging social media sharing towards accuracy. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tp6vy
Shahsavari, S., Holur, P., Wang, T., Tangherlini, T. R., & Roychowdhury, V. (2020). Conspiracy in the time of corona: automatic detection of emerging COVID-19 conspiracy theories in social media and the news. Journal of Computational Social Science, 3(2), 279–317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42001-020-00086-5
Heller, F. (2021, January 13). Spain to launch Whatsapp channel to fight vaccine disinformation. Www.Euractiv.Com. https://www.euractiv.com/section/digital/news/spain-to-launch-whatsapp-channel-to-fight-vaccine-disinformation/
They Claimed the Covid Vaccine Made Them Sick—and Went Viral. (n.d.). Wired. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/covid-vaccine-misinformation-facebook
Quantifying The COVID-19 Public Health Media Narrative Through TV & Radio News Analysis – The GDELT Project. (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2021, from https://blog.gdeltproject.org/quantifying-the-covid-19-public-health-media-narrative-through-tv-radio-news-analysis/
Using The Global Quotation Graph To Examine Statements About Covid-19 Vaccination And Infertility Or Bell’s Palsy – The GDELT Project. (n.d.). Retrieved May 14, 2021, from https://blog.gdeltproject.org/using-the-global-quotation-graph-to-examine-statements-about-covid-19-vaccination-and-infertility-or-bells-palsy/
Misinformation Alerts - Public Health Communications Collaborative. (n.d.). Public Health Communication Collaborative. Retrieved September 24, 2021, from https://publichealthcollaborative.org/misinformation-alerts/
Vraga, E. K., & Bode, L. (n.d.). Addressing COVID-19 Misinformation on Social Media Preemptively and Responsively - Volume 27, Number 2—February 2021 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2702.203139
tagesschau.de. (n.d.). Entwicklung von Impfstoffen: Komplett verdrehte Aussage. tagesschau.de. Retrieved March 2, 2021, from https://www.tagesschau.de/faktenfinder/merck-impfstoff-immunitaet-105.html
CNN, A. by J. G. (n.d.). Analysis: Xi Jinping touts coronavirus cooperation as China persists with vaccine disinformation push. CNN. Retrieved March 1, 2021, from https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/26/asia/xi-jinping-china-vaccine-intl-hnk/index.html
Mazumdar, S., & Thakker, D. (2020). Citizen Science on Twitter: Using Data Analytics to Understand Conversations and Networks. Future Internet, 12(12), 210. https://doi.org/10.3390/fi12120210
Merchant, R. M., & Lurie, N. (2020). Social Media and Emergency Preparedness in Response to Novel Coronavirus. JAMA, 323(20), 2011–2012. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4469
Mena, P. (2020). Cleaning Up Social Media: The Effect of Warning Labels on Likelihood of Sharing False News on Facebook. Policy & Internet, 12(2), 165–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.214
Vraga, E. K., & Bode, L. (2017). Using Expert Sources to Correct Health Misinformation in Social Media. Science Communication, 39(5), 621–645. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547017731776
YouTube is banning Joseph Mercola and a handful of other anti-vaccine activists—The Washington Post. (n.d.). Retrieved October 1, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2021/09/29/youtube-ban-joseph-mercola/
YouTube to remove misinformation videos about all vaccines | YouTube | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved October 1, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/29/youtube-to-remove-misinformation-videos-about-all-vaccines
Clift, A. K., von Ende, A., Tan, P. S., Sallis, H. M., Lindson, N., Coupland, C. A. C., Munafò, M. R., Aveyard, P., Hippisley-Cox, J., & Hopewell, J. C. (2021). Smoking and COVID-19 outcomes: An observational and Mendelian randomisation study using the UK Biobank cohort. Thorax, thoraxjnl-2021-217080. https://doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217080
Anti UX UX Club mentioned Tortoise.
Tortoise is a response to two problems The daily noise: we are overwhelmed by information. The problem isn’t just fake news or junk news, because there’s a lot that’s good – it’s just that there’s so much of it, and so much of it is the same. In a hurry, partial and confusing. Too many newsrooms chasing the news, but missing the story.The power gap: the divide between the powerful and the powerless is widening. We feel locked out. Alarmed by the lack of vision, hungry for leadership in business, technology and society. We believe in responsibility; we care about dignity.
Slow journalism: a refreshing change in the approach to the news.
I first learned about Tortoise from the Anti UX UX Club on Twitter.
WHO Health Alert brings COVID-19 facts to billions via WhatsApp. (n.d.). Retrieved September 30, 2021, from https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/who-health-alert-brings-covid-19-facts-to-billions-via-whatsapp
Nicholas Carr explores cognitive science and media theory to understand how technology is change our brains through neuroplasticity.
Ezra Klein was in conversation with Richard Powers regarding his recent book, Bewilderment, exploring the way technology changes us by changing our environment. The medium is the message.
Lazić, A., & Zezelj, I. (2021). Negativity In Online News Coverage Of Vaccination Rates In Serbia: A Content Analysis. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/nqjb9
Dupuy, B. (2021, August 6). COVID-19 vaccines offer benefits even to those previously infected. AP NEWS. https://apnews.com/article/fact-checking-130053228518
Managing the COVID-19 infodemic: Promoting healthy behaviours and mitigating the harm from misinformation and disinformation. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2021, from https://www.who.int/news/item/23-09-2020-managing-the-covid-19-infodemic-promoting-healthy-behaviours-and-mitigating-the-harm-from-misinformation-and-disinformation
Are women generally more interested in other social causes besides online surveillance and the negative cultural impacts of social media companies?
Most of the advanced researchers I seen on these topics are almost all women: Safiya Umoja Noble, Meredith Broussard, Ruha Benjamin, Cathy O'Neil, Shoshana Zuboff, Joan Donovan, danah boyd,Tressie McMillan Cottom, to name but a few.
The tougher part is that they are all fighting against problems created primarily by privileged, cis-gender, white men.
Mixing science and art to make the truth more interesting than lies. (n.d.). Retrieved September 28, 2021, from https://theconversation.com/mixing-science-and-art-to-make-the-truth-more-interesting-than-lies-100221?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=bylinetwitterbutton
Disinformation and Disease: Social Media and the Ebola Epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (n.d.). Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved September 28, 2021, from https://www.cfr.org/blog/disinformation-and-disease-social-media-and-ebola-epidemic-democratic-republic-congo
Ben Collins on Twitter: “A quick thread: It’s hard to explain just how radicalized ivermectin and antivax Facebook groups have become in the last few weeks. They’re now telling people who get COVID to avoid the ICU and treat themselves, often by nebulizing hydrogen peroxide. So, how did we get here?” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2021, from https://twitter.com/oneunderscore__/status/1441395300002848769?s=20
Jamison, A. M., Broniatowski, D. A., Dredze, M., Sangraula, A., Smith, M. C., & Quinn, S. C. (2020). Not just conspiracy theories: Vaccine opponents and proponents add to the COVID-19 ‘infodemic’ on Twitter. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-38
Chan, M. S., Jamieson, K. H., & Albarracin, D. (2020). Prospective associations of regional social media messages with attitudes and actual vaccination: A big data and survey study of the influenza vaccine in the United States. Vaccine, 38(40), 6236–6247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.054
At least 44 dead from drinking toxic alcohol in Iran after coronavirus cure rumor. (n.d.). Usatoday. Retrieved September 24, 2021, from https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2020/03/10/44-dead-iran-drinking-toxic-alcohol-fake-coronavirus-cure/5009761002/
Spencer, C. (2021, September 23). No, Vaccinated People Are Not ‘Just as Likely’ to Spread the Coronavirus as Unvaccinated People. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/09/the-vaccinated-arent-just-as-likely-to-spread-covid/620161/
Ciaunica, A., McEllin, L., Kiverstein, J., Gallese, V., Hohwy, J., & Wozniak, M. (2021). Zoomed out? Depersonalization is Related to Increased Digital Media Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/8jver
LinkedIn Facebook, Instagram, Twitter
B2B VS B2C
platform specific strategy needed
awareness, consideration and decision.
video content objective
brand’s story.
content strategy objective
Frustration for New Zealand returnees as Covid quarantine waiting list hits 30,000 | New Zealand | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved September 21, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/21/frustration-for-new-zealand-returnees-as-quarantine-spots-snapped-up-in-just-two-hours
For better or worse, our brains seem activated by conflict.
How might we use the fact that are brains are activated by conflict to potentially make the social media space better (healthier)?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qYsMtroVLeA
Buzzwords for understanding the new internet
Importance of words (neologisms) for helping us to communicate.
retweets as a means of bringing new faces into your stream to expand your in-group.
<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Kevin Marks </span> in Epeus' epigone: Publics, Flow, Phatic, Tummeling and Out-groups - New Words You Need to Know to Understand the Web (<time class='dt-published'>09/06/2021 15:15:38</time>)</cite></small>
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confession_album
Interesting historical personal document type. This feels like it has some influence within the realm of the commonplace book tradition.
Is there a way to revive these in an internet age and nudge them along with webmentions?
Bai, H. (2021). Fake News Known as Fake Still Changes Beliefs and Leads to Partisan Polarization [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/v9gax
As a virologist I’m shocked my work has been hijacked by anti-vaxxers | David LV Bauer | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved September 8, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/sep/07/virologist-work-anti-vaxxers-covid
Build commitment After connecting, you need to build students’ commitment. Educationalist Daniel Willingham argues that students are driven by a mixture of curiosity and laziness: they want to find out new things and solve puzzles, but they don’t want to invest too much effort in the process. That means the best way to build commitment is start out with a task that piques their interest but doesn’t take much effort. Once they have completed this task, they are much more likely to commit to your next task. The trick then becomes slowly ratcheting up that commitment as the course progresses.
Students want to discover, learn new things, and solve puzzles, but they don't want to invest too much effort into the process.
How does this fit into or relate to the idea of flow?
What relationship does it have to addictive behaviors like scrolling social media which are low effort, but provide new discovery?
Just like life, Minus has limits. Try it out today and see what online interaction feels like on a social network designed for less.
Minus is a finite social network where you get 100 posts—for life.
What a great idea, and not just for conceptual art!
ReconfigBehSci on Twitter: ‘RT @MDaware: The problem is the leaders, the media figures, the physicians who know better but would rather get in on the grift https://t.c…’ / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved 3 September 2021, from https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1432711694569050119
Vaccines could affect how the coronavirus evolves—But that’s no reason to skip your shot. (n.d.). Retrieved September 1, 2021, from https://theconversation.com/vaccines-could-affect-how-the-coronavirus-evolves-but-thats-no-reason-to-skip-your-shot-165960
Zuckerman, E. (2021). Demand five precepts to aid social-media watchdogs. Nature, 597(7874), 9–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02341-9
To the people of 1833 it was new to have a photography museum today we have selfie museums what was new in 1833 is not new to us in 2021
Sirlin, N., Epstein, Z., Arechar, A. A., & Rand, D. (2021). Digital literacy and susceptibility to misinformation. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7rb2m
Speculation on plant life in the future. Interesting presentation
not for submission, but to follow
Have you ever … In December 2008, I came across this post from someone who was on my blogroll, or in my feeds, or something. They listed 100 things that one might have done in one’s life, and invited one to indicate those that one had actually done. I took the challenge on as a lark and then decided that the same list could prompt individual blog posts, so I started doing that.2 And now I’m resurrecting the meme, and tagging Amanda Rush and ladyhope. I hope they will participate, link to this, and tag two more people.3 Of course, if you are inspired to do it too, then just go ahead.
There's something here that sounds like the idea of a friendship book, but in online/blog form.
It's also a bit reminiscent of a social startup in the late 00s called Formspring.me.
Everything old is new again?
Reuters. (2021, August 18). Facebook removes dozens of vaccine misinformation ‘superspreaders’. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/technology/facebook-removes-dozens-vaccine-misinformation-superspreaders-2021-08-18/
“Fact Check-Video Does Not Show Australian Children with COVID-19 Being Separated from Their Parents.” Reuters, August 20, 2021, sec. Reuters Fact Check. https://www.reuters.com/article/factcheck-australia-children-idUSL1N2PR183.
AP NEWS. “FACT FOCUS: COVID-19 Shots Not Forced on Kids in Australia,” August 20, 2021. https://apnews.com/article/health-australia-coronavirus-pandemic-ap-fact-check-ba06a8878646c33fb1ff7635a0050b7a.
‘No one wanted to read’ his book on pandemic psychology – then Covid hit. (2021, August 19). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/aug/19/book-psychology-pandemics-steven-taylor
si se encuentran en la edad entre los cinco y los quince años, deberán incorporarse al grado de educación formal que se determine por los resultados de las pruebas de validación de estudios previstos en el artículo 52 de la Ley 115 de 1994
Edad entre los 5 y los 15 años para los grados entre 6 y 11.
‘Spreading like a virus’: Inside the EU’s struggle to debunk Covid lies | World news | The Guardian. (n.d.). Retrieved August 18, 2021, from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/17/spreading-like-a-virus-inside-the-eus-struggle-to-debunk-covid-lies?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other
A ‘Brainwashed Death Cult’: The Gamification of Conspiracy – Byline Times. (n.d.). Retrieved August 17, 2021, from https://bylinetimes.com/2021/08/10/a-brainwashed-death-cult-the-gamification-of-conspiracy/
Gizmodo. “Journal Retracts Terrible Study That Claimed Widespread Covid-19 Vaccine Deaths.” Accessed August 16, 2021. https://gizmodo.com/journal-retracts-terrible-study-that-claimed-widespread-1847219596.
Stephan Lewandowsky. (2021, June 20). Our amazing @SciBeh volunteers are launching on TikTok with messages about vaccine hesitancy: Https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMdSt4fEm/ @Sander_vdLinden @roozenbot @adamhfinn @CorneliaBetsch @PhilippMSchmid @philipplenz6 @AnaSKozyreva [Tweet]. @STWorg. https://twitter.com/STWorg/status/1406671504465670144
Céline Gounder, MD, ScM, FIDSA on Twitter: “1/ PROFOUNDLY DISTURBING clips from a town hall with Arkansas @AsaHutchinson. Q: What’s in the vaccine? A: Here are full ingredient lists: Pfizer: Https://t.co/ZgpaqcIlzg Moderna: Https://t.co/j5uf4uErLB J&J: https://t.co/qsjEO8s4gg https://t.co/OR9sSANR7x” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2021, from https://twitter.com/celinegounder/status/1423002451460907009
Saire, Josimar. E. Chire., & Masuyama, A. (2021). How Japanese citizens faced the COVID-19 pandemic?: Exploration from twitter [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/64x7s
How to trash confidence in a COVID-19 vaccine: Brexit edition—Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. (n.d.). Retrieved August 10, 2021, from https://thebulletin.org/2021/08/how-to-trash-confidence-in-a-covid-19-vaccine-brexit-edition/#.YQwD9u6LazM.twitter
ReconfigBehSci. (2021, August 6). RT @MDaware: NYT FTW https://t.co/8Mql3XCweH [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1424466006194352134
Levy, Ari. “The Social Network for Doctors Is Full of Vaccine Disinformation.” CNBC, August 6, 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/06/doximity-social-network-for-doctors-full-of-antivax-disinformation.html.
Iacobucci, G. (2021). Covid-19: Junior doctors write to young people to acknowledge vaccine concerns. BMJ, 374, n1963. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1963
TV Tropes
https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/StringTheory
Sometimes also called anacapa charts in criminology.
I wondered where the group from The Weekly Standard had gone... looks like most of them moved here during the Trump era.
Sadly, this site has no RSS feed...
van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., & Compton, J. (2020). Inoculating Against Fake News About COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 0. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566790
Avoiding the blame game: Reframing conversations on racialised health inequalities. (2021, March 3). Cost Of Living | Cost of Living: The Politics, Economics and Sociology of Health and Health Care. https://www.cost-ofliving.net/avoiding-the-blame-game-reframing-conversations-on-racialised-health-inequalities/
Sir Patrick Vallance on Twitter: “Correcting a statistic I gave at the press conference today, 19 July. About 60% of hospitalisations from covid are not from double vaccinated people, rather 60% of hospitalisations from covid are currently from unvaccinated people.” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved August 4, 2021, from https://twitter.com/uksciencechief/status/1417204235356213252
Vaccine Misinformation Insights Report: June. (n.d.). First Draft. Retrieved 4 August 2021, from https://firstdraftnews.org:443/long-form-article/vaccine-misinformation-insights-report-june/
Hosseinmardi, H., Ghasemian, A., Clauset, A., Mobius, M., Rothschild, D. M., & Watts, D. J. (2021). Examining the consumption of radical content on YouTube. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(32), e2101967118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101967118
Chen, Cathy Xi, Gordon Pennycook, and David Rand. ‘What Makes News Sharable on Social Media?’ PsyArXiv, 9 July 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gzqcd.
I like the differentiation that Jared has made here on his homepage with categories for "fast" and "slow".
It's reminiscent of the system 1 (fast) and system2 (slow) ideas behind Kahneman and Tversky's work in behavioral economics. (See Thinking, Fast and Slow)
It's also interesting in light of this tweet which came up recently:
<script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script>I very much miss the back and forth with blog posts responding to blog posts, a slow moving argument where we had time to think.
— Rachel Andrew (@rachelandrew) August 22, 2017
Because the Tweet was shared out of context several years later, someone (accidentally?) replied to it as if it were contemporaneous. When called out for not watching the date of the post, their reply was "you do slow web your way…" #
This gets one thinking. Perhaps it would help more people's contextual thinking if more sites specifically labeled their posts as fast and slow (or gave a 1-10 rating?). Sometimes the length of a response is an indicator of the thought put into it, thought not always as there's also the oft-quoted aphorism: "If I Had More Time, I Would Have Written a Shorter Letter".
The ease of use of the UI on Twitter seems to broadly make it a platform for "fast" posting which can often cause ruffled feathers, sour feelings, anger, and poor communication.
What if there were posting UIs (or micropub clients) that would hold onto your responses for a few hours, days, or even a week and then remind you about them after that time had past to see if they were still worth posting? This is a feature based on Abraham Lincoln's idea of a "hot letter" or angry letter, which he advised people to write often, but never send.
Where is the social media service for hot posts that save all your vituperation, but don't show them to anyone? Or which maybe posts them anonymously?
The opposite of some of this are the partially baked or even fully thought out posts that one hears about anecdotally, but which the authors say they felt weren't finish and thus didn't publish them. Wouldn't it be better to hit publish on these than those nasty quick replies? How can we create UI for this?
I saw a sitcom a few years ago where a girl admonished her friend (an oblivious boy) for liking really old Instagram posts of a girl he was interested in. She said that deep-liking old photos was an obvious and overt sign of flirting.
If this is the case then there's obviously a social standard of sorts for this, so why not hold your tongue in the meanwhile, and come up with something more thought out to send your digital love to someone instead of providing a (knee-)jerk reaction?
Of course now I can't help but think of the annotations I've been making in my copy of Lucretius' On the Nature of Things. Do you suppose that Lucretius knows I'm in love?
The Daily 202: Nearly 30 groups urge Facebook, Instagram, Twitter to take down vaccine disinformation—The Washington Post. (n.d.). Retrieved August 2, 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2021/07/19/daily-202-nearly-30-groups-urge-facebook-instagram-twitter-take-down-vaccine-disinformation/?utm_source=twitter&utm_campaign=wp_main&utm_medium=social
Marcus, David. “Mitch McConnell Warns of Return to 2020 If COVID Vaccine Rates Don’t Increase.” New York Post (blog), July 21, 2021. https://nypost.com/2021/07/21/mitch-mcconnell-urges-covid-19-vaccines-warns-of-lockdowns/.
We’ve analyzed thousands of COVID-19 misinformation narratives. Here are six regional takeaways—Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. (n.d.). Retrieved August 1, 2021, from https://thebulletin.org/2021/06/weve-analyzed-thousands-of-covid-19-misinformation-narratives-here-are-six-regional-takeaways/
<small><cite class='h-cite via'>ᔥ <span class='p-author h-card'>Daphne Keller </span> in Project MUSE - The Future of Platform Power: Making Middleware Work (<time class='dt-published'>08/01/2021 11:18:47</time>)</cite></small>
Francis Fukuyama et al., Middleware for Dominant Digital Platforms: A Technological Solution to a Threat to Democracy, Stanford Cyber Policy Center, 3, https://fsi-live.s3.us-west-1.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/cpc-middleware_ff_v2.pdf.
Every year, in my platform-regulation class, I draw a Venn diagram on the board with three interlocking circles: privacy, speech, and competition. Then we identify all the issues that fall at the intersection of two or more circles. Interoperability, including for content-moderation purposes, is always smack in the middle. It touches every circle. This is what makes it hard. We have to solve problems in all those areas to make middleware work. But this is also what makes the concept so promising. If—or when—we do manage to meet this many-sided challenge, we will unlock something powerful.
Interesting point about the intersection of interoperability. Are there other features that also touch them all?
Fukuyama's answer is no. Middleware providers will not see privately shared content from a user's friends. This is a good answer if our priority is privacy. It lets my cousin decide which companies to trust with her sensitive personal information. But it hobbles middleware as a tool for responding to her claims about vaccines. And it makes middleware providers far less competitive, since they will not be able to see much of the content we want them to curate.
Is it alright to let this sort of thing go on the smaller scale personal shared level? I would suggest that the issue is not this small scale conversation which can happen linearly, but we need to focus on the larger scale amplification of misinformation by sources. Get rid of the algorithmic amplification of the fringe bits which is polarizing and toxic. Only allow the amplification of the more broadly accepted, fact-based, edited, and curated information.
If we cannot afford real, diverse, and independent assessment, we will not realize the promise of middleware.
Facebook deploys tens of thousands of people to moderate user content in dozens of languages. It relies on proprietary machine-learning and other automated tools, developed at enormous cost. We cannot expect [End Page 169] comparable investment from a diverse ecosystem of middleware providers. And while most providers presumably will not handle as much content as Facebook does, they will still need to respond swiftly to novel and unpredictable material from unexpected sources. Unless middleware services can do this, the value they provide will be limited, as will users' incentives to choose them over curation by the platforms themselves.
Does heavy curation even need to exist? If a social company were able to push a linear feed of content to people without the algorithmic forced engagement, then the smaller, fringe material wouldn't have the reach. The majority of the problem would be immediately solved with this single feature.
Second, how is everyone going to get paid? Without a profit motive for middleware providers, the magic will not happen, or it will not happen at large enough scale. Something about business models—or, at a minimum, the distribution of ads and ad revenue—will have to change. That leaves the two thorny issues I do know a fair amount about: curation costs and user privacy.
First, how technologically feasible is it for competitors to remotely process massive quantities of platform data? Can newcomers really offer a level of service on par with incumbents?
Do they really need to process all the data?
The First Amendment precludes lawmakers from forcing platforms to take down many kinds of dangerous user speech, including medical and political misinformation.
Compare social media with the newspaper business from this perspective.
People joined social media not knowing the end effects, but now don't have a choice of platform after-the-fact. Social platforms accelerate the disinformation using algorithms.
Because there is choice amongst newspapers, people can easily move and if they'd subscribed to a racist fringe newspaper, they could easily end their subscription and go somewhere else. This is patently not the case for any social media. There's a high hidden personal cost for connectivity that isn't taken into account. The government needs to regulate this and not the speech portion.
Social media should be considered a common carrier and considered as such. It was an easier and more logical process in the telephone, electricity and other areas to force this as the cost of implementation for them was magnitudes of order higher. The data formats and storage for social should be standardized (potentially even in three or more formats) and that should be the common carrier imposed. Would this properly skirt the First Amendment issues?
Fukuyama's work, which draws on both competition analysis and an assessment of threats to democracy, joins a growing body of proposals that also includes Mike Masnick's "protocols not platforms," Cory Doctorow's "adversarial interoperability," my own "Magic APIs," and Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey's "algorithmic choice."
Nice overview of work in the space for fixing monopoly in social media space the at the moment. I hadn't heard about Fukuyama or Daphne Keller's versions before.
I'm not sure I think Dorsey's is actually a thing. I suspect it is actually vaporware from the word go.
IndieWeb has been working slowly at the problem as well.
Francis Fukuyama has called "middleware": content-curation services that could give users more control over the material they see on internet platforms such as Facebook or Twitter.
The Culture of Resentment Revisited. (2021, March 11). EU vs DISINFORMATION. https://euvsdisinfo.eu/the-culture-of-resentment-revisited/
CoVaxxy. (n.d.). Retrieved 29 July 2021, from https://osome.iu.edu/tools/covaxxy
whether the advent of modem communications media has much enhanced our understanding of the world in which we live.
But it may be seriously questioned whether the advent of modem communications media has much enhanced our understanding of the world in which we live.
Now that I'm thinking about it, I sort of want the ability to more easily capture audio, annotate and save it while I'm listening to radio or even television. Pausing the media and having the ability to reply it (TIVO and some DVRs provide this capability) and do other things with it would be truly fantastic, especially for saving tidbits for later use and consumption.
The YouTubers who blew the whistle on an anti-vax plot—BBC News. (n.d.). Retrieved July 28, 2021, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-57928647?at_custom4=23264FBA-EE08-11EB-9330-21BB96E8478F&at_medium=custom7&at_custom3=%40BBCWorld&at_custom2=twitter&at_custom1=%5Bpost+type%5D&at_campaign=64
Li, M., Xu, Z., He, X., Zhang, J., Song, R., Duan, W., Liu, T., & Yang, H. (2021). Sense of Coherence and Mental Health in College Students After Returning to School During COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Media Exposure. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 687928. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687928
Leah Keating on Twitter: “This work with @DavidJPOS and @gleesonj is now on arXiv (https://t.co/hxjZnCmKcM): ‘A multi-type branching process method for modelling complex contagion on clustered networks’ Here is a quick overview of our paper: (1/6) https://t.co/3jQ2flhk71” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 23, 2021, from https://twitter.com/leahakeating/status/1418150117106978816
Platforms of the Facebook walled-factory type are unsuited to thework of building community, whether globally or locally, becausesuch platforms are unresponsive to their users, and unresponsive bydesign (design that is driven by a desire to be universal in scope). Itis virtually impossible to contact anyone at Google, Facebook,Twitter, or Instagram, and that is so that those platforms can trainus to do what they want us to do, rather than be accountable to ourdesires and needs
This is one of the biggest underlying problems that centralized platforms often have. It's also a solid reason why EdTech platforms are pernicious as well.
As Astra Taylor explains in her vital book !e People’sPlatform, this process has often been celebrated by advocates ofnew platforms.
Worth taking a look at?
It is common to refer to universally popular social media sites likeFacebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and Pinterest as “walled gardens.”But they are not gardens; they are walled industrial sites, withinwhich users, for no financial compensation, produce data which theowners of the factories sift and then sell. Some of these factories(Twitter, Tumblr, and more recently Instagram) have transparentwalls, by which I mean that you need an account to post anythingbut can view what has been posted on the open Web; others(Facebook, Snapchat) keep their walls mostly or wholly opaque.
Would it be useful to distinguish and differentiate the silos based on their level of access? Some are transparent silos while others are not?
Could we define a spectrum from silo to open? Perhaps axes based on audience or access? Privacy to fully open? How many axes might there be?
Leising, D., Grenke, O., & Cramer, M. (2021). Visual Argument Structure Tool (VAST). PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dvfq7
Facebook Sided With The Science Of The Coronavirus. What Will It Do About Vaccines And Climate Change? (n.d.). BuzzFeed News. Retrieved 11 February 2021, from https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/alexkantrowitz/facebook-coronavirus-misinformation-takedowns
Akhther, N. (2021). Internet Memes as Form of Cultural Discourse: A Rhetorical Analysis on Facebook. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/sx6t7
Stanley-Becker, I. (n.d.). Anti-vaccine protest at Dodger Stadium was organized on Facebook, including promotion of banned ‘Plandemic’ video. Washington Post. Retrieved 21 February 2021, from https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2021/02/01/dodgers-anti-vaccine-protest-facebook/
Covid-19 pandemic was not planned by Rockefeller Foundation. (16:48:50.595211+00:00). Full Fact. https://fullfact.org/online/covid-19-pandemic-was-not-planned-rockefeller-foundation/