2,883 Matching Annotations
  1. Jul 2021
    1. Leah Keating on Twitter: “This work with @DavidJPOS and @gleesonj is now on arXiv (https://t.co/hxjZnCmKcM): ‘A multi-type branching process method for modelling complex contagion on clustered networks’ Here is a quick overview of our paper: (1/6) https://t.co/3jQ2flhk71” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 23, 2021, from https://twitter.com/leahakeating/status/1418150117106978816

    1. Some bugs are more expensive than others. You can sort of imagine it being a Gaussian, or maybe a power law: most bugs are relatively cheap, a few are relatively expensive.

      to me, there's a quality of life aspect that works across the aggregate. long term bugs are indicator of generally poor code health. as the number of long term bugs grows, it implies a code-base which has become complex or hard to work with, is a system that lacks ease & elegance of understanding.

      a system where bugs are caught earlier is one that is generally healthy, where complexity is lower, where it's easier to test, find, and more importantly, to design & build "within the lines" of the system.

      this jives with the tentative assertion below, certain bugs take more time to fix, and said bugs are issues in design. but not just in isolation, that the total system design & impediment of other long-standing bugs / complications begets a more difficult environment where further bugs are likely and are more likely to be difficult.

    1. Prof Cath Noakes #Ventilate 😷 💙 on Twitter: “A thread today about windows and ventilation, and some things you can do to make the most of your windows for comfort and infection risk 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2021, from https://twitter.com/CathNoakes/status/1416368008801492994

    1. Prof Nichola Raihani on Twitter: “Submitted a paper reporting null results to a mid tier journal. Guess how it went. I literally don’t care at this point but I do feel bad for the first author (who I won’t name here). Https://t.co/sX5lTcEl29” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 16, 2021, from https://twitter.com/nicholaraihani/status/1415308025179656194

    1. Incapable of preventing viral infection, binding antibodies can instead trigger paradoxical immune enhancement. What that means is that it looks good until you get the disease, and then it makes the disease far worse than it would have been otherwise. As detailed in my interview with Robert F. Kennedy Jr., in one coronavirus vaccine trial using ferrets, all the vaccinated animals died when exposed to the actual virus.

      They say "follow the science". Well, what about this science? What they really mean to say is "Follow OUR science".

    1. I can see the characteristics of the vampire coming in her face.

      Physiognomy.

    2. We have the best proof of that: your own evidence, when in the hypnotic trance this morning.
    3. To believe in things that you cannot.

      To defeat Dracula requires that these educated, professional men fall back on lore and legend.

    4. Charcot
    5. corporeal transference. No? Nor in materialisation. No? Nor in astral bodies. No? Nor in the reading of thought. No? Nor in hypnotism——”

      Mystic practices that were growing in popularity, like seances (Arthur Conan Doyle). Hypnotism however has been accepted as a scientific method.

    6. it is the fault of our science that it wants to explain all

      This was a time of great disagreement between science and it's professions vs. the Church and legends.

    7. I have no data on which to found a conjecture.

      A scientific mind requires data to support conclusions.

    8. See, I place them myself in your room. I make myself the wreath that you are to wear.

      Now we see the educated professor of science turning to myth and legend when science can not provide solutions.

    9. He is a philosopher and a metaphysician, and one of the most advanced scientists of his day; and he has, I believe, an absolutely open mind. This, with an iron nerve, a temper of the ice-brook, an indomitable resolution, self-command, and toleration exalted from virtues to blessings, and the kindliest and truest heart that beats—these form his equipment for the noble work that he is doing for mankind

      Needed to defeat Dracula. He is a great scientific mind but is also not limited to the science of his time.

    10. Men sneered at vivisection

      Experimental surgery on live animals. Animal welfare was beginning to become a huge topic for England, mostly about work horses and dogs. (See previous annotation about hierarchy of animals).

    11. strong jaw and the good forehead

      Physiognomy, judgement of character based on facial features. A popular pseudoscience of Victorian society.

    12. I was becoming hypnotised

      Mystic practice that is becoming scientific around this time.

    13. He must hypnotise me before the dawn, and then I shall be able to speak

      Hypnosis was mentioned earlier in reference to Charcot as a legitimate medical/scientific practice

    14. He is uncommonly clever, if one can judge from his face

      Physiognomy, again

    15. there are things done to-day in electrical science which would have been deemed unholy by the very men who discovered electricity

      Science and technology have advanced in such a way they can be confused with magic.

    1. Dr. Tara C. Smith. (2021, March 26). ‘What motivation could anti-vaxxers possibly have to spread misinformation?’ Story: ‘Organizers of the course attended by CBC journalists said that 400 people had signed up, which at $623 per student, adds up to almost $250,000 in course fees’ + tests & supplements she plugged. [Tweet]. @aetiology. https://twitter.com/aetiology/status/1375468823508348928

    1. My feelings at the moment are that blogs are too linear—it would be quite hard to see which comments relate to which, which ones are most worth reading, and so on. A wiki, on the other hand, seems not to be linear enough—it would be quite hard to see what order the comments come in.

      The same problem exists for paleogeography Q&A forum.

    2. overall, the article proposes a way for massive collaboration in math, and explains the potential advantages which ultimately result from the inherent differences of human race and relativity (not the Einstein relativity, but the philosophical one which relates to the perspectives/angles of viewing the world in general): 1) the tendency of trying out different techniques to solve problems (assuming that we know exactly the same amount of knowledge), 2) the complementing nature of collective knowledge (if we know about different things), and 3) different strategies for approaching problems as people prefer and are good at different aspects of solving the same problem.

    3. it might be quite hard to say on your CV, “I had an idea that proved essential to Polymath’s solution of the *** problem,” but if you made significant contributions to several collaborative projects of this kind, then you might well start to earn a reputation amongst people who read mathematical blogs, and that is likely to count for something. (Even if it doesn’t count for all that much now, it is likely to become increasingly important.) And it might not be as hard as all that to put it on your CV: you could think of yourself as a joint author, with the added advantage that people could find out exactly what you had contributed

      interesting perspective; by contributing to discussions in written format, people can trace the contribution of each author (or participant of a discussion) more accurately in a later published result

    4. The next obvious question is this. Why would anyone agree to share their ideas? Surely we work on problems in order to be able to publish solutions and get credit for them. And what if the big collaboration resulted in a very good idea? Isn’t there a danger that somebody would manage to use the idea to solve the problem and rush to (individual) publication? Here is where the beauty of blogs, wikis, forums etc. comes in: they are completely public, as is their entire history

      The answer isn't that convincing and motivating; we need better stimuli for people to contribute

    5. Different people have different characteristics when it comes to research. Some like to throw out ideas, others to criticize them, others to work out details, others to re-explain ideas in a different language, others to formulate different but related problems, others to step back from a big muddle of ideas and fashion some more coherent picture out of them, and so on. A hugely collaborative project would make it possible for people to specialize

      mechanism 3: it is the difference that makes the human race flourish.

    6. Sometimes luck is needed to have the idea that solves a problem. If lots of people think about a problem, then just on probabilistic grounds there is more chance that one of them will have that bit of luck

      mechanism 1: trying out different techniques for solving the problem at hand

    7. we don’t have to confine ourselves to a purely probabilistic argument: different people know different things, so the knowledge that a large group can bring to bear on a problem is significantly greater than the knowledge that one or two individuals will have. This is not just knowledge of different areas of mathematics, but also the rather harder to describe knowledge of particular little tricks that work well for certain types of subproblem, or the kind of expertise that might enable someone to say, “That idea that you thought was a bit speculative is rather similar to a technique used to solve such-and-such a problem, so it might well have a chance of working,” or “The lemma you suggested trying to prove is known to be false,” and so on—the type of thing that one can take weeks or months to discover if one is working on one’s own

      mechanism 2: collective knowledge of a community is likely to better approximate reality; this applies especially to subjects like paleogeography; also related to relativity

    8. what you would not tend to do, at least if you wanted to keep within the spirit of things, is spend a month thinking hard about the problem and then come back and write ten pages about it. Rather, you would contribute ideas even if they were undeveloped and/or likely to be wrong.

      rules of the game

    9. Suppose one had a forum (in the non-technical sense, but quite possibly in the technical sense as well) for the online discussion of a particular problem. The idea would be that anybody who had anything whatsoever to say about the problem could chip in

      The platform and mechanism for collaboration

    10. classification of finite simple groups, or of a rather different kind of example such as a search for a new largest prime

      types of problems that require huge collaboration

    11. there are certain kinds of problems that lend themselves to huge collaborations

      the same for paleogeographic reconstruction, human genome sequencing, building large colliders, etc.

    1. Jesse O’Shea MD, MSc on Twitter: “Okay Twitter! Here is the new vaccine side effect chart (aka reactogenicity) for FDA submitted COVID19 vaccines vs Shingrix & Flu. J&J’s Ad26.COV2.S has the least side effect profile of the COVID vaccines so far. Https://t.co/MFGzWDqQKZ” / Twitter. (n.d.). Retrieved July 2, 2021, from https://twitter.com/JesseOSheaMD/status/1364645966826070016?s=20

    1. What a great about page. Reminds me in part of some of the underlying ethos of the IndieWeb.

    2. New Atlantis was the title Francis Bacon selected for his speculative story of a society living with the benefits and challenges of advanced science and technology. Bacon, a founder and champion of modern science, sought not only to highlight the potential of technology to improve human life, but also to foresee some of the social, moral, and political difficulties that confront a society shaped by the great scientific enterprise.
  2. Jun 2021
    1. Borobia, A. M., Carcas, A. J., Pérez-Olmeda, M., Castaño, L., Bertran, M. J., García-Pérez, J., Campins, M., Portolés, A., González-Pérez, M., García Morales, M. T., Arana-Arri, E., Aldea, M., Díez-Fuertes, F., Fuentes, I., Ascaso, A., Lora, D., Imaz-Ayo, N., Barón-Mira, L. E., Agustí, A., … Torvisco, J. M. (2021). Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 booster in ChAdOx1-S-primed participants (CombiVacS): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. The Lancet, S0140673621014203. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01420-3

    1. Running time is asymptotically tight bound. "Asymptotically" because it matters for only large values of nnn. "Tight bound" because we've nailed the running time to within a constant factor above and below.

    2. Running time has lower bound and upper bound once the number of computations get large enough.

    3. Computation takes time to run. The notation used for running time of computations is Big-Theta.

    1. Woolf, K., McManus, I. C., Martin, C. A., Nellums, L. B., Guyatt, A. L., Melbourne, C., Bryant, L., Gogoi, M., Wobi, F., Al-Oraibi, A., Hassan, O., Gupta, A., John, C., Tobin, M. D., Carr, S., Simpson, S., Gregary, B., Aujayeb, A., Zingwe, S., … Pareek, M. (2021). Ethnic differences in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy in United Kingdom healthcare workers: Results from the UK-REACH prospective nationwide cohort study [Preprint]. Public and Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.26.21255788

    1. Professor, interested in plagues, and politics. Re-locking my twitter acct when is 70% fully vaccinated.

      Example of a professor/research who has apparently made his Tweets public, but intends to re-lock them majority of threat is over.

    1. Green and Murphy,Renaissance Rhetoric; Plett,English Renaissance; Middleton,Memory Systems; British Library,Incunabula Short Title Catalogue. Green and Murphy were the primary source. Middleton and Plett, who compiled memorytreatises as a distinct category, allowed me to add extra titles to Green and Murphy’s listings. An Excel file containing the266 early modern treatises graphed here can be emailed upon request.

      Sources of data for this paper. I'd definitely love to get a copy of this Excel file. Might be worth expanding to other languages, countries, and timeperiods as well.

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    1. What may not be expected in a country of eternal light? I may there discover the wondrous power which attracts the needle; and may regulate a thousand celestial observations, that require only this voyage to render their seeming eccentricities consistent for ever. I shall satiate my ardent curiosity with the sight of a part of the world never before visited, and may tread a land never before imprinted by the foot of man

      The "wondrous power" is, of course, the power of magnetism. Magnetism and electricity (not yet unified) are mysterious forces exciting scientists, adventurers, investigators, and the general public, all at that time. Physics, chemistry, and biology are all also jumbled somewhat together still.

      But the fact that these are fundamental forces of nature -- just like gravitation -- are clearly on display. As well, another theme and another question: "ardent curiosity." (Good thing or possibly bad?)

      Not many surprises here! Be careful what you wish for!

  3. May 2021
    1. 2020 has shown that Ioannidis’s claim does not apply to all areas of science. In amazing speed, bio-tech companies were able to make not just one but several successful vaccine’s with high effectiveness. Clearly some sciences are making real progress. On the other hand, other areas of science suggest that Ioannidis’s claims were accurate. For example, the whole literature on single-gene variations as predictors of human behavior has produced mostly false claims. Social psychology has a replication crisis where only 25% of published results could be replicated (OSC, 2015)
    1. Braud, M., Gaboriaud, A., Ferry, T., Mardi, W. E., Silva, L. D., Lemouzy, M., Guttierrez, J., Petit, S., Szabelska, A., & IJzerman, H. (2021). COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs and their relationship with perceived stress and pre-existing conspiracy beliefs in a Prolific Academic sample: A replication and extension of Georgiou et al. (2020). PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/t62s7

    1. Prof. Gavin Yamey MD MPH. (2021, April 20). I was very pleased to see Levitt resign yesterday from the science advisory board of the anti-vaxx group PANDA. Previously Sikora had resigned. This press release mentions other resignations. Anyone know if the 3 GBD authors finally resigned? Here’s PANDA’s views on vaccines: Https://t.co/wVZX7XujZ3 [Tweet]. @GYamey. https://twitter.com/GYamey/status/1384476491317227525

    1. There was no public forum for incremental advances.

      I've never thought of the academic paper as a format that enabled the documentation of incremental progress.

    1. Network science is now a mature research field, whose growth was catalysed by the introduction of the ‘small world’ network model in 1998. Networks give mathematical descriptions of systems containing containing many interacting components, including power grids, neuronal networks and ecosystems. This collection brings together selected research, comments and review articles on how networks are structured (Layers & structure); how networks can describe healthy and disordered systems (Brain & disorders); how dynamics unfold on networks (Dynamics & spread); and community structures and resilience in networks (Community & resilience).

      This is a great looking collection of articles on network science.