First, what would it look like for a social media platform to re-establish perspective?
This was the exact design question I asked recently!
First, what would it look like for a social media platform to re-establish perspective?
This was the exact design question I asked recently!
Browsing Twitter the other day, I once again found myself sucked into a far-off event that truly does not matter, and it occurred to me that social media is an orthographic camera.
How does this relate to Nicholas Carr's article and ideas about category errors in From context collapse to content collapse?
Bhatia, S., Walasek, L., Slovic, P., & Kunreuther, H. (2020). The More Who Die, the Less We Care: Evidence from Natural Language Analysis of Online News Articles and Social Media Posts. Risk Analysis, risa.13582. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13582
Embracing the slowdown. (n.d.). Retrieved August 30, 2020, from https://marketing.twitter.com/emea/en_gb/insights/embracing-the-slowdown
Usher, E., Golding, J. M., Han, J., Griffiths, C. S., McGavran, M. B., Brown, C. S., Sheehan, E. A. (2020). Psychology Students’ Motivation and Learning in Response to the Shift to Remote Instruction During COVID-19. [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. 10.31234/osf.io/xwhpm
Adam, D. (2020). A guide to R — the pandemic’s misunderstood metric. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02009-w
Adams, R. C., Sumner, P., Vivian-Griffiths, S., Barrington, A., Williams, A., Boivin, J., Chambers, C. D., & Bott, L. (2017). How readers understand causal and correlational expressions used in news headlines. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 23(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000100
Santosh, R., Guntuku, S. C., Schwartz, H., Eichstaedt, J., & Ungar, L. (2020). Detecting Symptoms using Context-based Twitter Embeddings during COVID-19. https://openreview.net/forum?id=DFJhXXPZrM7
Scientific Reference to Reliable Information on Climate Change. (2015, February 9). Climate Feedback. https://climatefeedback.org/
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Washington, D. of C. 1100 C. A. N. S. 1300B, & Dc 20036. (n.d.). PolitiFact - Fact-checking ‘Plandemic 2’: Another video full of conspiracy theories about COVID-19. @politifact. Retrieved August 27, 2020, from https://www.politifact.com/article/2020/aug/18/fact-checking-plandemic-2-video-recycles-inaccurat/
Chang, D. C., & Stapleton, S. M. (2020). Response: The Proliferation and Misinterpretation of “As Safe As” Statements in Surgical Science: A Call for Professional Discourse to Search for a Solution. Journal of Surgical Research, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2020.03.074
University, © Stanford, Stanford, & Complaints, C. 94305 C. (n.d.). Virality Project (US): Marketing meets Misinformation. Retrieved 25 August 2020, from https://cyber.fsi.stanford.edu/io/news/manufacturing-influence-0
Khanam, K. Z., Srivastava, G., & Mago, V. (2020). The Homophily Principle in Social Network Analysis. ArXiv:2008.10383 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.10383
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Problems with fact checking in social media
Lange Reportage über den Verlust uralter Bäume in Kalifornien. Merkwürdig ist, dass nicht einmal ein Wort wie Klimawandel fällt.
Online Harms & Disinformation Post-COVID. (n.d.). Retrieved 20 August 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2BmRuXbNhk
Communicating statistics, risks and uncertainty in the age of COVID19 | David Spiegelhalter | 5x15. (n.d.). Retrieved 19 August 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_D9egJHfCw
Finding facts during a crisis / Stand with the Facts / KUOW / CIP. (n.d.). Retrieved 19 August 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mErLBpIz1f8
COVIDConversations: Protecting Children/Adolescents’ Mental Health with Professors Stein & Blakemore. (2020, June 24). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=laYyNumPQEA&feature=emb_logo
The ad feels so fresh and uncannily cool—it even samples the Nine Inch Nails song used in “Old Town Road”—that some people could barely believe it represents a politician. Slate called it the most “incomprehensibly thrilling ad” of 2020. “Political ad goes viral for actually being inspiring,” Mashable’s headline read. One man tweeted that it made him want to “march into hell to defend ed markey from dynastic usurpers.” Another gushed that the ad makes him so fired up that “it makes me want to run through a brick wall.”
But they're ADs! Why do people today see authenticity in something so obviously inauthentic? Is it the natural result of "social media"?
Salaamedia. (2020, June 23). The Special Focus with Zahid Jadwat—Understanding the dangers of misinformation. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/salaamedia/videos/the-special-focus-with-zahid-jadwat-understanding-the-dangers-of-misinformation-/261866155076824/
Arqoub, O. A., Elega, A. A., Özad, B. E., Dwikat, H., & Oloyede, F. A. (2020). Mapping the Scholarship of Fake News Research: A Systematic Review. Journalism Practice, 0(0), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1805791
Who is behind the Qanon conspiracy? We’ve traced it to three people. (n.d.). NBC News. Retrieved August 18, 2020, from https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/how-three-conspiracy-theorists-took-q-sparked-qanon-n900531
Jørgensen, F. J., Bor, A., Lindholt, M. F., & Petersen, M. B. (2020). Lockdown Evaluations During the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/4ske2
Paris, Marseille named as high-risk COVID zones, making curbs likelier. (2020, August 14). Reuters. https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-health-coronavirus-france-idUKKCN25A0LC
Beschreibt, wie die Trump-Administration versucht, die internationalen Medien der US-Regierung (wie Voice of America) unter Kontrolle zu bringen und propagandistisch umzufunktionieren. Manches erinnert an Orwells 1984. Es ist auch deutlich, dass hier Steve Bannon eine große Rolle spielt. Eine Schlüsselrolle hat dessen Gefolgsmann Michael Pack.
Ponizovskiy, V., Grigoryan, L., & Hofmann, W. (2020, August 12). Why is right-wing media consumption associated with lower compliance with COVID-19 measures?. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5b3cn
“The idea of a ‘blog’ needs to get over itself,” wrote Joel Hooks in a post titled Stop Giving af and Start Writing More. “Everybody is treating writing as a ‘content marketing strategy’ and using it to ‘build a personal brand’ which leads to the fundamental flawed idea that everything you post has to be polished to perfection and ready to be consumed.” It is almost as if he had reached down into my soul and figured out why I no longer had the vigor I once had for sharing on my personal blog. For far too long, I was trying to brand myself. Posts became few and far between. I still shared a short note, aside, once in a while, but much of what I shared was for others rather than myself.
For many, social media took over their "streams" of thoughts and ideas to the point that they forgot to sit, reflect, and write something longer (polished or not).
Personal websites used for yourself first is a powerful idea for collecting, thinking, and creating.
Getting away from "branding" is a great idea. Too many personal sites are used for this dreadful thing. I'd much rather see the edge ideas and what they flower into.
Identifying social media manipulation with OSoMe tools. (2020, August 11). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1BMv0PrdVGs&feature=youtu.be
Kuchler, T., Russel, D., & Stroebel, J. (2020). The Geographic Spread of COVID-19 Correlates with Structure of Social Networks as Measured by Facebook (Working Paper No. 26990; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26990
Hansman, C., Hong, H., de Paula, Á., & Singh, V. (2020). A Sticky-Price View of Hoarding (Working Paper No. 27051; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27051
Maybe I’m getting older, or just more patient I’m aware of what I’m doing at every step in the process, rather than having it be fully automated. It’s harder to shitpost if you’re thinking everything through, just like it’s harder to make bad pizza if you know you can’t get instant gratification. I still occasionally make bad posts as well as bad pizza, but I am certainly more aware of the cases where I’m setting myself up for it.
Walter, N., Brooks, J. J., Saucier, C. J., & Suresh, S. (2020). Evaluating the Impact of Attempts to Correct Health Misinformation on Social Media: A Meta-Analysis. Health Communication, 0(0), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2020.1794553
Nan, Xiaoli, Yuan Wang, and Kathryn Thier. ‘Health Misinformation’. Preprint. PsyArXiv, 4 August 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6mrgv.
Grözinger. N., Irlenbusch. B., Laske. K., Schröder. M., (2020). Innovation and Communication Media in Virtual Teams – An Experimental Study. Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/innovation-and-communication-media-in-virtual-teams-an-experimental-study/
Martel, C., Mosleh, M., & Rand, D. (2020). You’re definitely wrong, maybe: Correction style has minimal effect on corrections of misinformation online. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/w3tfb
Simchon, A., Brady, W. J., & Bavel, J. J. V. (2020). Troll and Divide: The Language of Online Polarization. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/xjd64
Obviously not every group chat counts as a “conspiracy”. But it makes the question of how society coheres, who is associated with whom, into a matter of speculation – something that involves a trace of conspiracy theory. In that sense, WhatsApp is not just a channel for the circulation of conspiracy theories, but offers content for them as well. The medium is the message.
This means that while groups can generate high levels of solidarity, which can in principle be put to powerful political effect, it also becomes harder to express disagreement within the group. If, for example, an outspoken and popular member of a neighbourhood WhatsApp group begins to circulate misinformation about health risks, the general urge to maintain solidarity means that their messages are likely to be met with approval and thanks. When a claim or piece of content shows up in a group, there may be many members who view it as dubious; the question is whether they have the confidence to say as much. Meanwhile, the less sceptical can simply forward it on. It’s not hard, then, to understand why WhatsApp is a powerful distributor of “fake news” and conspiracy theories.
Instead of positive feedback like this, is there a way to create negative feedback loops in these social media apps?
Groups are great for brief bursts of humour or frustration, but, by their very nature, far less useful for supporting the circulation of public information. To understand why this is the case, we have to think about the way in which individuals can become swayed and influenced once they belong to a group.
MyData vs. COVID-19 calls (2020, June 5) - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbpRS19STpXSWs4kTiVEx2KN5CZh6yCYI
COVID-19 and the Labor Market. (n.d.). IZA – Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved 31 July 2020, from https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/dp13388/
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Chang, H.-H., & Meyerhoefer, C. (2020). COVID-19 and the Demand for Online Food Shopping Services: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan (Working Paper No. 27427; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27427
Schmitt-Grohé, S., Teoh, K., & Uribe, M. (2020). Covid-19: Testing Inequality in New York City (Working Paper No. 27019; Working Paper Series). National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w27019
Journalism in Crisis (2020). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dr41ao6tKVw&feature=emb_title
Fatehkia, M., Tingzon, I., Orden, A., Sy, S., Sekara, V., Garcia-Herranz, M., & Weber, I. (2020). Mapping socioeconomic indicators using social media advertising data. EPJ Data Science, 9(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-020-00235-w
@DFRLab. (2020). Op-Ed: How Brexit tribalism has influenced attitudes toward COVID-19 in Britain. Medium. https://medium.com/dfrlab/op-ed-how-brexit-tribalism-has-influenced-attitudes-toward-covid-19-in-britain-16a983a56929
Panda, A., Gonawela, A., Acharyya, S., Mishra, D., Mohapatra, M., Chandrasekaran, R., & Pal, J. (2020). NivaDuck—A Scalable Pipeline to Build a Database of Political Twitter Handles for India and the United States. International Conference on Social Media and Society, 200–209. https://doi.org/10.1145/3400806.3400830
Due to social media, it's now easier than ever to make a defamatory statement. That's because social media services like Twitter and Facebook allow you to instantly "publish" a statement that can reach millions of people.
However, social media websites don’t really care about defamation–they care about trademark use. T
Bhattacharya, C., Chowdhury, D., Ahmed, N., Ozgur, S., Bhattacharya, B., Mridha, S. K., & Bhattacharyya, M. (2020). The Nature, Cause and Consequence of COVID-19 Panic among Social Media Users in India. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/dgr45
Tasnim, S., Hossain, M. M., & Mazumder, H. (2020). Impact of rumors or misinformation on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in social media [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/uf3zn
La, V.-P., Pham, T.-H., Ho, T. M., Hoàng, N. M., Linh, N. P. K., Vuong, T.-T., Nguyen, H.-K. T., Tran, T., Van Quy, K., Ho, T. M., & Vuong, Q.-H. (2020). Policy response, social media and science journalism for the sustainability of the public health system amid the COVID-19 outbreak: The Vietnam lessons [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/cfw8x
Motta, M., Stecula, D., & Farhart, C. E. (2020). How Right-Leaning Media Coverage of COVID-19 Facilitated the Spread of Misinformation in the Early Stages of the Pandemic [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/a8r3p
Hameleers, M. (2020). Prospect Theory in Times of a Pandemic: The Effects of Gain versus Loss Framing on Policy Preferences and Emotional Responses During the 2020 Coronavirus Outbreak [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/7pykj
Krumpal, I. (2020). Soziologie in Zeiten der Pandemie [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/yqdsu
COVID-19 Social Science Tracker - Google Sheets
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Nate Silver on Twitter: “It’s sort of interesting which COVID-19 studies get widespread media attention. Not very well correlated (in fact, perhaps negatively correlated) with the ones the subject-matter experts I follow seem to find compelling.” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 20, 2020, from https://twitter.com/NateSilver538/status/1284918726379425800
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FSI Stanford. (2020, June 1). The Executive Order on Platforms and Online Speech: Stanford’s Cyber Policy Center Responds. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fKeWGXT8qp4
Expanding diversity and building capacity
What about youth in reduced economic circumstances? What if they do not have access to this new media? Is this bridging a gap, or just creating a new one?
Starominski-Uehara, M. (2020). Powering Social Media Footage: Simple Guide for the Most Vulnerable to Make Emergency Visible [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/gefhv
Haman, M. (2020). The use of Twitter by state leaders and its impact on the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/u4maf
Using Facebook Ad Library | Webinar with Maddy Webb and Laura Garcia. (2020, May 22). First Draft. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuzUr0V_fEk&feature=emb_logo
Mark Zuckerberg & Thierry Breton: Towards a post COVID-19 Digital Deal between tech and governments? (2020, May 18). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uZfi6WkIfgU&feature=youtu.be
JAMA Network - Discussing preprint servers and social media.
Dan Quintana on Twitter: “Tomorrow at 1pm CEST I’ll be doing a virtual talk for the Rotterdam R.I.O.T. Science Club (@rdam_riots) on using Twitter for science 🧬 I’ll be covering both the why and the how + I’ll be leaving plenty of time for a Q&A session. Watch here: https://t.co/nXHry9Inyi https://t.co/T6u7lvgAhO” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 17, 2020, from https://twitter.com/dsquintana/status/1264623289814659072
Starominski-Uehara, M. (2020). Powering Social Media Footage: Simple Guide for the Most Vulnerable to Make Emergency Visible [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/ek6tz
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Hossain, M. M., McKyer, E. L. J., & Ma, P. (2020). Applications of artificial intelligence technologies on mental health research during COVID-19 [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/w6c9b
Chen and Gawker did not immediately respond to requests for comment. The FBI has declined to comment. Monsegur was unavailable for comment.
Follow up on their replies.
Bex, F., Lawrence. J., Snaith. M., Reed. C., (2013) implementing the Argument Web. Communications of the ACM. (56). (10). Retrieved from chrome-extension://bjfhmglciegochdpefhhlphglcehbmek/pdfjs/web/viewer.html?file=http%3A%2F%2Farg-tech.org%2Fpeople%2Fchris%2Fpublications%2F2013%2FbexCACM.pdf
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Evaluate
I believe this is an important skill to have and to teach nowadays. Especially with the readily shareable content on social media people could post things with out critically evaluating what content is saying/where it comes from/if it is credible or not.
Nathan Young on Twitter: “I refuse to subscribe to every newpaper that I read 3 articles from a month. I’m subscribed to @Blendle @Coil and @Medium for content that I pay per use. If news orgs want my money, let me pay only for what I use.” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved July 7, 2020, from https://twitter.com/nathanpmyoung/status/1280080625689669632
Chatterjee, A., & Chatterjee, A. (2020). Managing through uncertain times: A study to understand the effects of conducting socio-academic life online during COVID-19. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/vcbrw
Dr Daniel Quintana | Using Twitter for Science | R.I.O.T. Science Club—YouTube. (2020, May 26). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pA5Y4cO934I
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Midgley, C., Thai, S., Lockwood, P., Kovacheff, C., & Page-Gould, E. (2020). When Every Day is a High School Reunion: Social Media Comparisons and Self-Esteem [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/zmy29
News can no longer be (only) about the mass update. Stories need to be targeted to those who might be able to improve the situation. And journalism’s products — which are more than its stories — must be designed to facilitate this. News needs to be built to engage curiosity about the world and the problems in it — and their solutions. People need to get lost in the news like they now get lost in Wikipedia and Facebook. There must be comprehensive stories that get the interested but uninformed up to speed quickly. Search and navigation must be improved to the point where satisfaction of curiosity is so easy it becomes a reflex. Destination news sites need to be more extensively hyperlinked than almost anything else (and not just insincere internal links for SEO, but links that are actually useful for the user.) The news experience needs to become intensely personal. It must be easy for users to find and follow exactly their interests, no matter how arcane. Journalists need to get proficient at finding and engaging the audience for each story. And all of this has to work across all modes of delivery, so it’s always with us. Marketers understand this; it’s amazing to me that the news industry has been so slow to catch on to multi-modal engagement.
everything would work perfectly if we had all of these and people are actually rational and diligent with infinite resource.
I don’t want the product with the best content overall, I want the product that is going to serve me up the best content every single time, regardless of whether or not it was created in-house.
discovery, aggregation, curation. narrator
People spend hours roaming Wikipedia; they don’t spend hours on bbc.co.uk or cnn.com or nytimes.com or news.yahoo.com (which actualy has a far bigger audience than any traditional news outlet.) Wikipedia also tends to take the top spot in Google results, which means that more people link to it than they do to any news site.
or google just ups the ranking of Wikipedia in their algo
If you eventually do manage to find the information you need, kudos. You’re obviously very committed to learn more. But wasn’t the whole “we need context” meme prompted by the acknowledgement that most readers get confused and quit way before that stage?
The web also rewards news providers who provide context. People are far more likely to re-visit the wikipedia page or the topics overview a year after a news event. Thompson’s “The Money Meltdown” site pulled together the best links to explain the financial crisis. Matt posted it on his blog and in one month, 50,000 unique visitors came along and looked at it 75,000 times. It speaks to a desire. It’s all about pulling together links, in some cases. What’s difficult right now is automating it. Link barns as topic pages aren’t working.
basically: there's a demand for evergreen essays. but there's also demand / place for soundbites and torrent of throwaway patchy breaking news
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David G. Rand en Twitter: “Today @GordPennycook & I wrote a @nytimes op ed ‘The Right Way to Fix Fake News’ https://t.co/dyF84g6oqv tl;dr: Platforms must rigorously TEST interventions, b/c intuitions about what will work are often wrong In this thread I unpack the many studies behind our op ed 1/” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved April 15, 2020, from https://twitter.com/dg_rand/status/1242526565793136641
Zickfeld, J., Schubert, T. W., Herting, A. K., Grahe, J. E., & Faasse, K. (2020, April 16). Predictors of Health-Protective Behavior and Changes Over Time During the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/6vgf4
Schmidt, A., Brose, A., Kramer, A., Schmiedek, F., Witthöft, M., & Neubauer, A. (2020). Cyclical Across-Day Dynamics of Corona-Related Media Exposure and Worries in People’s Everyday Lives During the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rea57
Ledford, H. (2020). How Facebook, Twitter and other data troves are revolutionizing social science. Nature, 582(7812), 328–330. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01747-1
Tsolaki, Vasiliki, George E. Zakynthinos, and Dimosthenis Makris. ‘The ARDSnet Protocol May Be Detrimental in COVID-19’. Critical Care 24, no. 1 (December 2020): 351. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-03081-4.
r/BehSciMeta—Comment by u/UHahn on ”What is the impact of retraction of scientific studies reported in news media?”. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved June 17, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciMeta/comments/gyw43b/what_is_the_impact_of_retraction_of_scientific/ftp5w1p
Tips on Using Science Twitter During COVID-19. (2020, April 15). PLOS SciComm. https://scicomm.plos.org/2020/04/15/tips-on-using-science-twitter-during-covid-19/
Viglione, G. (2020). Has Twitter just had its saddest fortnight ever? Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01818-3
Researchers: Nearly Half Of Accounts Tweeting About Coronavirus Are Likely Bots. (2020, May 20). NPR. https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/05/20/859814085/researchers-nearly-half-of-accounts-tweeting-about-coronavirus-are-likely-bots
Kazemi, D. (2020, May 23). "NPR is promoting this article again. Without access to the study we have no way of knowing how "bot" was estimated or measured, we simply have to go on the reputation and past research of this lab, which I dug into last night here: https://twitter.com/tinysubversion..." Twitter. https://twitter.com/tinysubversions/status/1263965246416318465
Roxby, P. (2020, June 13). Warning over adolescents’ lack of social contact. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-53022369
☣️ Michael Ç̸̠͎͉̹̼̠͔̗̓̐̐̓̓̀͝͝. Bazaco ☣️ on Twitter: “The amount of experts who used to cry foul about people acting like experts in their field that have now chased the COVID story pretending to be virologists, ID epidemiologists, ID physicians, and/or infection control specialists to try and brand build is creepy and ghoulish. 😑” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from https://twitter.com/mcbazacophd/status/1271597829065187328
We’re presently living through what feels like a remarkably turbulent time. In fact, we might be tempted to think that ours is a uniquely chaotic moment. Of course, most of us know that human beings have lived through more chaotic, violent, and calamitous times than ours. What is novel in our experience isn’t the depth of the health crisis or the scale of the protests, the economic volatility, or the political instability. What is novel is the information ecosystem in which all of this and more is unfolding. Most of us now have far greater access to information about the world, and we are—arguably, I grant—exposed to a far wider array of competing narratives attempting, without notable success, to make sense of it all. In short, it would appear that our basic sense-making technology, the narrative, is a bit glitchy, both failing to operate as we might expect and causing some issues of its own. You won’t be surprised to learn that I think Marshall McLuhan can be helpful here. While many have found McLuhan’s aphorism “the medium is the message” confounding, McLuhan actually offered a rather straightforward explanation. “The ‘message’ of any medium or technology,” McLuhan wrote, “is the change of scale or pace or pattern that it introduces into human affairs.” “The effects of technology do not occur at the level of opinions or concepts,” McLuhan added, “but alter sense ratios or patterns of perception steadily and without any resistance.”Digital media introduced a new scale, pace, and pattern to human communication, and, in this way, altered how the world is perceived. With regards to scale, we encounter an unprecedented amount of information about the world at large through digital media. With regards to pace, we encounter this information with previously unknown and unrelenting immediacy. And, with regards to pattern, we encounter it both in novel social contexts and in a form that bears greater resemblance to a database than a story.
L. M. Sacasas providing a very brief summary of McLuhan's "medium is the message" quote applied to the Coronavirus pandemic in June 2020.
Velásquez, N., Leahy, R., Restrepo, N. J., Lupu, Y., Sear, R., Gabriel, N., Jha, O., Goldberg, B., & Johnson, N. F. (2020). Hate multiverse spreads malicious COVID-19 content online beyond individual platform control. ArXiv:2004.00673 [Nlin, Physics:Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.00673
Gencoglu, O., & Gruber, M. (2020). Causal Modeling of Twitter Activity During COVID-19. ArXiv:2005.07952 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.07952
Ziems, C., He, B., Soni, S., & Kumar, S. (2020). Racism is a Virus: Anti-Asian Hate and Counterhate in Social Media during the COVID-19 Crisis. ArXiv:2005.12423 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.12423
Farr, C. (2020, May 23). Why scientists are changing their minds and disagreeing during the coronavirus pandemic. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/05/23/why-scientists-change-their-mind-and-disagree.html
Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://twitter.com/jamesheathers/status/1271058689970114560
Gozzi, N., Tizzani, M., Starnini, M., Ciulla, F., Paolotti, D., Panisson, A., & Perra, N. (2020). Collective response to the media coverage of COVID-19 Pandemic on Reddit and Wikipedia. ArXiv:2006.06446 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.06446
Good Vibes: The Complex Work of Social Media Influencers in a Pandemic. (n.d.). American Ethnological Society. Retrieved May 31, 2020, from https://americanethnologist.org/features/pandemic-diaries/pandemic-diaries-affect-and-crisis/good-vibes-the-complex-work-of-social-media-influencers-in-a-pandemic
Brashier, N. M., & Schacter, D. L. (2020). Aging in an Era of Fake News. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 0963721420915872. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721420915872
Yaqub, W., Kakhidze, O., Brockman, M. L., Memon, N., & Patil, S. (2020). Effects of Credibility Indicators on Social Media News Sharing Intent. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376213
r/BehSciMeta—Comment by u/VictorVenema on ”No appeasement of bad faith actors”. (n.d.). Reddit. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciMeta/comments/gv0y99/no_appeasement_of_bad_faith_actors/ftpclwz
Altay, S., de Araujo, E., & Mercier, H. (2020, June 4). “If this account is true, it is most enormously wonderful”: Interestingness-if-true and the sharing of true and false news.
Wallis, P., & Nerlich, B. (2005). Disease metaphors in new epidemics: The UK media framing of the 2003 SARS epidemic. Social Science & Medicine, 60(11), 2629–2639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.11.031
Wong, E., Rosenberg, M., & Barnes, J. E. (2020, April 22). Chinese Agents Helped Spread Messages That Sowed Virus Panic in U.S., Officials Say. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/22/us/politics/coronavirus-china-disinformation.html
Journal of Computational Social Science. Springer. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.springer.com/journal/42001/updates/17993070
Cinus, F., Bonchi, F., Monti, C., & Panisson, A. (2020). Generating Realistic Interest-Driven Information Cascades. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 14, 107–118.
Haelle, T. (2020, May 8). Why It’s Important To Push Back On ‘Plandemic’—And How To Do It. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tarahaelle/2020/05/08/why-its-important-to-push-back-on-plandemic-and-how-to-do-it/
Gollust, Sarah E., Rebekah H. Nagler, and Erika Franklin Fowler. ‘The Emergence of COVID-19 in the U.S.: A Public Health and Political Communication Crisis’. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. Accessed 5 June 2020. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-8641506.
Hahn, U. (2020 May 10). Open policy processes for COVID-19. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/BehSciMeta/comments/gggw9h/open_policy_processes_for_covid19/
Cinelli, M., Morales, G. D. F., Galeazzi, A., Quattrociocchi, W., & Starnini, M. (2020). Echo Chambers on Social Media: A comparative analysis. ArXiv:2004.09603 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09603
Wang, M., Jiang, W., & Cheng, P. (2020). Mental Health Peer to Peer Support via Social Media practice reference During COVID-19 Pandemics [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u4pqy
Jamieson, K. H., & Albarracín, D. (2020). The Relation between Media Consumption and Misinformation at the Outset of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in the US. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 2. https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-012
Young, V. A. (2020, May 20). Nearly Half Of The Twitter Accounts Discussing ‘Reopening America’ May Be Bots. Carnegie Mellon School of Computer Science. https://www.scs.cmu.edu/news/nearly-half-twitter-accounts-discussing-%E2%80%98reopening-america%E2%80%99-may-be-bots
Bail, C. A. (2016). Combining natural language processing and network analysis to examine how advocacy organizations stimulate conversation on social media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(42), 11823–11828. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1607151113
Meyerhoff, H. S., Brand, A.-K., & Scholl, A. (2020). In Case of Doubt for the Suspicion?: When People Falsely Remember Facts in the News as Being Uncertain. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/rct7a
Margaret Sullivan on Twitter: “.@TheAtlantic to cut staff by 68 positions, or 17 percent, in response to current economy, per chairman David Bradley statement” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved May 31, 2020, from https://twitter.com/sulliview/status/1263461467262779393
Mark Shapiro MD on Twitter: “A poll for #MedTwitter Do you have media appearances, #SoMe activity, writing in forward facing magazines/websites included in your professional contract as a promotion lever or financial incentive?” / Twitter. (n.d.). Twitter. Retrieved May 29, 2020, from https://twitter.com/etsshow/status/1265855571812478977
Why We Fall Prey to Misinformation. (n.d.). Association for Psychological Science - APS. Retrieved May 29, 2020, from https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/why-we-fall-prey-to-misinformation.html
Anvari, F. (2020, March 26). A comment on Everett et al. (2020): No evidence for the effectiveness of moral messages on public health behavioural intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/de7q9
Communications: Working with the media | BPS. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2020, from https://www.bps.org.uk/about-us/communications/working-media
COVID-19—Eine Zwischenbilanz oder eine Analyse der Moral, der medizinischen Fakten, sowie der aktuellen und zukünftigen politischen Entscheidungen. (2020, April 7). DIE MITTELLÄNDISCHE ZEITUNG - FÜR MEHR DURCHBLICK. https://www.mittellaendische.ch/2020/04/07/covid-19-eine-zwischenbilanz-oder-eine-analyse-der-moral-der-medizinischen-fakten-sowie-der-aktuellen-und-zuk%C3%BCnftigen-politischen-entscheidungen/
Mbopi-Keou, F.-X., Pondi, J.-E., & Sosso, M. A. (2020). COVID-19 in Cameroon: A crucial equation to resolve. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30373-X
Makhortykh, M., Urman, A., & Ulloa, R. (2020). How search engines disseminate information about COVID-19 and why they should do better. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 1(COVID-19 and Misinformation). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-017
Cook, J., & Lewandowsky, S. (n.d.). Coronavirus conspiracy theories are dangerous – here’s how to stop them spreading. The Conversation. Retrieved April 21, 2020, from http://theconversation.com/coronavirus-conspiracy-theories-are-dangerous-heres-how-to-stop-them-spreading-136564
Aymerich-Franch, L. (2020, May 14). COVID-19 lockdown: impact on psychological well-being and relationship to habit and routine modifications. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/9vm7r
Golino, H., Christensen, A. P., Moulder, R. G., Kim, S., & Boker, S. M. (2020, April 14). Modeling latent topics in social media using Dynamic Exploratory Graph Analysis: The case of the right-wing and left-wing trolls in the 2016 US elections. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/tfs7c
Alshaabi, T., et al. (2020 March 27). How the world's collective attention is being paid to a pandemic: COVID-19 related 1-gram time series for 24 languages on Twitter. Cornell University. arXiv:2003.12614
Pastor-Escuredo, D., & Tarazona, C. (2020). Characterizing information leaders in Twitter during COVID-19 crisis. ArXiv:2005.07266 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.07266
Bode, L., & Vraga, E. (2020 May 7). Analysis | Americans are fighting coronavirus misinformation on social media. Washington Post.https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/05/07/americans-are-fighting-coronavirus-misinformation-social-media/
Bajak, A., & Howe, J. (2020, May 14). Opinion | A Study Said Covid Wasn’t That Deadly. The Right Seized It. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/14/opinion/coronavirus-research-misinformation.html
Porter, E. & Wood. T.J. (2020 May 14). Why is Facebook so afraid of checking facts? Wired. https://www.wired.com/story/why-is-facebook-so-afraid-of-checking-facts/
Ryan, W., & Evers, E. (2020). Logarithmic Axis Graphs Distort Lay Judgment. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cwt56
Kwon, J. and Hollingsworth, J. (2020 May 13). Virus outbreak linked to Seoul clubs stokes homophobia. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/12/asia/south-korea-club-outbreak-intl-hnk/index.html
McKew, M. (2020, May 13) Disinformation Starts at Home. Stand Up Republic. https://standuprepublic.com/disinformation-starts-at-home/
John Burn-Murdoch on Twitter
Beyer-Hunt, S., Carter, J., Goh, A., Li, N., & Natamanya, S.M. (2020, May 14) COVID-19 and the Politics of Knowledge: An Issue and Media Source Primer. SPIN. https://secrecyresearch.com/2020/05/14/covid19-spin-primer/
The Ethics of Online Research. (2018, August 30). Leeds University Library Blog. https://leedsunilibrary.wordpress.com/2018/08/30/the-ethics-of-online-research/
Correia, Rion Brattig, Ian B. Wood, Johan Bollen, and Luis M. Rocha. “Mining Social Media Data for Biomedical Signals and Health-Related Behavior.” Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science, May 4, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-030320-040844.
Ball, P. (2020). Anti-vaccine movement could undermine efforts to end coronavirus pandemic, researchers warn. Nature, 581(7808), 251–251. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01423-4
Zadrozny, B. (2020 May 14). One in four popular YouTube coronavirus videos contain misinformation, study finds. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/live-blog/2020-05-13-coronavirus-news-n1205916/ncrd1206486#blogHeader
@DFRLab. (2020, May 14). Op-Ed: The criminalization of COVID-19 clicks and conspiracies. Medium. https://medium.com/dfrlab/op-ed-the-criminalization-of-covid-19-clicks-and-conspiracies-3af077f5a7e7
Common Types of College Writing Assignments
In this section of Chapter 3, you can see a difference in the way the text is delivered. The design changed and has different graphics and layout.
Edelmann, A., Wolff, T., Montagne, D., & Bail, C. A. (2020). Computational Social Science and Sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 46(1), annurev-soc-121919-054621. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054621
Lakens, D. (2020). Pandemic researchers—Recruit your own best critics. Nature, 581(7807), 121–121. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01392-8
Ruiu, M. L. (2020). Mismanagement of Covid-19: Lessons learned from Italy. Journal of Risk Research, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1758755
In medieval learned cultures (all the material in this volume was producedin learned, even academic circles for purposes of reading and new compo-sition), such a thorough mixing of media, especially the visual and the ver-bal, was commonplace
This sounds much more like the "learned" world in the modern era using multi-media on the internet.
Smelter, T. J., & Calvillo, D. P. (2020). Pictures and repeated exposure increase perceived accuracy of news headlines. Applied Cognitive Psychology, acp.3684. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3684
The Associated Press (2020, May 8). UN Chief Says Pandemic Is Unleashing a “Tsunami of Hate.” The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/05/08/world/ap-un-virus-outbreak-hate-speech.html
Social Media & Well-being. (n.d.). Retrieved May 13, 2020, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSV8GT7y3_E&feature=youtu.be
Fast Science and Philosophy of Science | Jacob Stegenga. (2020, May 11). BSPS. http://www.thebsps.org/auxhyp/fast-science-stegenga/
Part of the problem of social media is that there is no equivalent to the scientific glassblowers’ sign, or the woodworker’s open door, or Dafna and Jesse’s sandwich boards. On the internet, if you stop speaking: you disappear. And, by corollary: on the internet, you only notice the people who are speaking nonstop.
This quote comes from a larger piece by Robin Sloan. (I don't know who that is though)
The problem with social media is that the equivalent to working with the garage door open (working in public) is repeatedly talking in public about what you're doing.
One problem with this is that you need to choose what you want to talk about, and say it. This emphasizes whatever you select, not what would catch a passerby's eye.
The other problem is that you become more visible by the more you talk. Conversely, when you stop talking, you become invisible.
Roland, L. T., Gurrola, J. G., Loftus, P. A., Cheung, S. W., & Chang, J. L. (2020). Smell and taste symptom‐based predictive model for COVID‐19 diagnosis. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, alr.22602. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22602
The Tree of Life: Stop deifying “peer review” of journal publications: (2012, February 4). The Tree of Life. https://phylogenomics.blogspot.com/2012/02/stop-deifying-peer-review-of-journal.html
How can we portray emotions, gestures, and attention in an authentic way through a computational medium?
This reminds me a bit of Kevin Marks' post about phatic reactions in social media: http://epeus.blogspot.com/2009/03/how-twitter-works-in-theory.html
Orben, A., Tomova, L., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2020). The effects of social deprivation on adolescent social development and mental health [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7afmd
Galea, S., Merchant, R. M., & Lurie, N. (2020). The Mental Health Consequences of COVID-19 and Physical Distancing: The Need for Prevention and Early Intervention. JAMA Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.1562
Cellini, N., Canale, N., Mioni, G., & Costa, S. (2020, April 11). Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time, and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/284mr
Ferres, L. (2020 April 10). COVID19 mobility reports. Leo's Blog. https://leoferres.info/blog/2020/04/10/covid19-mobility-reports/
It feels a lot like the reason we are unable to offer real alternative social networks is not that we cannot do so. It is because most people with the abilities to do so spend their time working on things that only work for the tiny audience that is the tech sector, while happily ignoring the needs of all those billions of non-technical humans out there. This is something that frustrates me more than I want to admit.
Fan, R., Xu, K., & Zhao, J. (2020). Weak ties strengthen anger contagion in social media. ArXiv:2005.01924 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.01924
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Serrano, J. C. M., Papakyriakopoulos, O., & Hegelich, S. (2020). Dancing to the Partisan Beat: A First Analysis of Political Communication on TikTok. ArXiv:2004.05478 [Cs]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.05478
Vilella, S., Paolotti, D., Ruffo, G. et al. News and the city: understanding online press consumption patterns through mobile data. EPJ Data Sci. 9, 10 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-020-00228-9
Uscinski, J. E., Enders, A. M., Klofstad, C., Seelig, M., Funchion, J., Everett, C., Wuchty, S., Premaratne, K., & Murthi, M. (2020). Why do people believe COVID-19 conspiracy theories? Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review, 1(COVID-19 and Misinformation). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-015
Epstein, Z., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. (2020). Will the Crowd Game the Algorithm? Using Layperson Judgments to Combat Misinformation on Social Media by Downranking Distrusted Sources. Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376232
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Dsouza, D. D., Quadros, S., Hyderabadwala, Z. J., & Mamun, M. A. (2020). Aggregated COVID-19 suicide incidences in India: Fear of COVID-19 infection is the prominent causative factor [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/7xa4b
Orben, A. (2020, April 30). The Sisyphean Cycle of Technology Panics. Retrieved from psyarxiv.com/dqmju
Romano, A., Sotis, C., Dominioni, G., & Guidi, S. (2020). COVID-19 Data: The Logarithmic Scale Misinforms the Public and Affects Policy Preferences [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/42xfm
Hamilton, J. L., Nesi, J., & Choukas-Bradley, S. (2020, April 29). Teens and social media during the COVID-19 pandemic: Staying socially connected while physically distant. Retrieved from psyarxiv.com/5stx4