Angulo, M. T., Castaños, F., Velasco-Hernandez, J. X., & Moreno, J. A. (2020). A simple criterion to design optimal nonpharmaceutical interventions for epidemic outbreaks. MedRxiv, 2020.05.19.20107268. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.19.20107268

The Economic Impacts of COVID-19: Evidence from a New Public Database Built Using Private Sector Data. (2020, May 7). Opportunity Insights. https://opportunityinsights.org/paper/tracker/

Pancevski, B. (2020, December 6). Long a Holdout From Covid-19 Restrictions, Sweden Ends Its Pandemic Experiment. Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/long-a-holdout-from-covid-19-restrictions-sweden-ends-its-pandemic-experiment-11607261658

correspondent, S. W. E. (2021, January 21). Home schooling is widening attainment gap between rich and poor, finds report. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/education/2021/jan/21/home-schooling-is-widening-attainment-gap-between-rich-and-poor-finds-report

Pappalardo, L., Cornacchia, G., Navarro, V., Bravo, L., & Ferres, L. (2020). A dataset to assess mobility changes in Chile following local quarantines. ArXiv:2011.12162 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.12162

I would also add "Who does the work?"

• Some Indian businesspeople responded to the industrialization of the British with their own industrialization to outcompete them

• British took taxes from peasants without letting Indian previous positions of power interfere
• Peasants had to take out loans from moneylenders
• Peasants who couldn't pay their loans would have to give up their land

Along with peasants, other sectors of the Indian population were not happy with British rule:

• Indian people who once had much power and property
• Indian business people who lost a lot of power in the newly British economy

• Part of why Britain wanted its advantageous relationship with India was to pay off its debts to other powers, such as those in the New World.

• The British economic strategy in India was to buy raw materials from India and sell Indians products, often made from those materials.
• To do this, the British got rid of taxes and protections for local businesses so they could directly compete with them
• This strategy succeeded sometimes and caused some traditional production industries to go out of business
• This arrangement meant that overall, the British got to profit off of the manufacture of these items

• Putting a colonized nation in a trade deficit is a common pattern in imperialism (ex. the colonies and Britain)

• Increased economic activity in cities associated with the British, like in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, increased those city populations in the early 1800s
• Indians were segregated from Europeans in these towns

• The British started off trying to control just India's trade by setting trading posts on the ocean
• Around the early 1800s, the East India Company conquered many areas in India and surrounding areas

Economic control -> political, military control

• The East India Company, as a for-profit, wanted to be able to do business without restrictions in India.
• The best way to guarantee this was to gain political alliances (by paying the Mughal emperor to let them trade), then starting in the second half of the 1700s, control (by later actually conquering areas) of territories.

We must prioritise climate change as we emerge from COVID-19. (n.d.). World Economic Forum. Retrieved May 29, 2020, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/climate-action-top-global-agenda-covid-19/

Donegan, M. (2020, May 21). This pandemic threatens to undo what generations of feminists have fought for | Moira Donegan. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/may/21/this-pandemic-threatens-to-undo-what-generations-of-feminists-have-fought-for

BAME COVID-19 DEATHS - What do we know? Rapid Data & Evidence Review. (n.d.). CEBM. Retrieved June 2, 2020, from https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/bame-covid-19-deaths-what-do-we-know-rapid-data-evidence-review/

Pandemic may reverse human development for first time in 30 years, UN says. (n.d.). World Economic Forum. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/05/pandemic-international-human-deveolpment-covid19-coronavirus/

Wilbur, M., Ayman, A., Ouyang, A., Poon, V., Kabir, R., Vadali, A., Pugliese, P., Freudberg, D., Laszka, A., & Dubey, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on Public Transit Accessibility and Ridership. ArXiv:2008.02413 [Physics]. http://arxiv.org/abs/2008.02413

Ashraf, B. N. (2020). Economic impact of government interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: International evidence from financial markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 27, 100371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100371

David R Tomlinson 💙. (2021, March 5). Truth. 💙 @FreshAirNHS @theRCN @TheBMA @mancunianmedic @DrLindaDykes @Chakladar_A @KGadhok https://t.co/Ke2C84KuaT https://t.co/C469qvrSoK [Tweet]. @DRTomlinsonEP. https://twitter.com/DRTomlinsonEP/status/1367962251211202566

ReconfigBehSci. (2021, January 14). RT @jimtankersley: The Biden ‘American Rescue Plan’ goes big: $1.9T, incl almost every Dem stimulus priority under the sun: State/local… [Tweet]. @SciBeh. https://twitter.com/SciBeh/status/1349993219988328449

OC. (2021, January 22). Leadership. One of the most important and non-trivial steps taken by @JoeBiden is the decision to prioritize the protection of those at the highest risk. In Israel, our analysis shows that municipalities at low SES have the lowest rates of vaccination of at-risk populations.1/4 https://t.co/1aiqymQlMQ [Tweet]. @MDCaspi. https://twitter.com/MDCaspi/status/1352590064900038662

Tankersley, J., & Crowley, M. (2021, January 14). Biden Outlines $1.9 Trillion Spending Package to Combat Virus and Downturn. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/14/business/economy/biden-economy.html

the Guardian. ‘Pandemic Forcing Girls in South-East Asia and Pacific out of School and into Marriage – Study’, 15 March 2021. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/16/pandemic-forcing-girls-in-south-east-asia-and-pacific-out-of-school-and-into-marriage-study.

The Midnight Sky is the largest original film showing a strength as well as opportunity to learn from what they did correctly.

This is what happened when 125 participants were given $500/month over two years to see what would happen.

‘Chinatown Businesses Face a Particularly Brutal Winter’. Bloomberg.Com, 7 December 2020. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-07/covid-19-has-been-a-disaster-for-u-s-chinatowns.

Baer, Eric Morath, Theo Francis and Justin. ‘The Covid Economy Carves Deep Divide Between Haves and Have-Nots’. Wall Street Journal, 5 October 2020, sec. US. https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-covid-economy-carves-deep-divide-between-haves-and-have-nots-11601910595.

Gligorić, Vukašin, Allard Feddes, and Bertjan Doosje. ‘Political Bullshit Receptivity and Its Correlates: A Cross-Cultural Validation of the Concept’. PsyArXiv, 27 October 2020. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/u9pe3.

Krupenkin, Masha, Kai Zhu, Dylan Walker, and David M. Rothschild. ‘If a Tree Falls in the Forest: COVID-19, Media Choices, and Presidential Agenda Setting’. SSRN Scholarly Paper. Rochester, NY: Social Science Research Network, 22 September 2020. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3697069.

Boutin, P. (2020, July 29). The Great Reset is here, like it or not. Dropbox Blog. https://blog.dropbox.com/topics/work-culture/the-great-reset-is-here

Goolsbee, Austan, and Chad Syverson. ‘Fear, Lockdown, and Diversion: Comparing Drivers of Pandemic Economic Decline 2020’. Journal of Public Economics 193 (1 January 2021): 104311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104311.

2021 Edelman Trust Barometer. (n.d.). Edelman. Retrieved February 17, 2021, from https://www.edelman.com/trust/2021-trust-barometer

Abadi, D., Cabot, P.-L. H., Duyvendak, J. W., & Fischer, A. (2020). Socio-Economic or Emotional Predictors of Populist Attitudes across Europe [Preprint]. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/gtm65

Eran Segal. (2021, January 22). Israel: 2.4M after 1st dose (27% pop) 78% of all 60+ years old Despite that, we have a problem: Cities of lower socio-economic status and more cases get vaccinated less X: Socioeconomic rank Y: % 60+ years old vaccinated Color: Vaccination need ratio @MDCaspi by covid-19 cases https://t.co/t5vC8hjXA4 [Tweet]. @segal_eran. https://twitter.com/segal_eran/status/1352579515592138753

Quality-adjusted life year. (2021). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quality-adjusted_life_year&oldid=1009094786

Baal, S. van, Walasek, L., & Hohwy, J. (2021). Staying home so you can keep going out: A multiplayer self-isolation game modelling pandemic behaviour. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mh69r

Partha, D., & David, P. A. (1994). Toward a new economics of science. Research Policy, 23(5), 487–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)01002-1

Catherine Rampell. (2020, December 4). The jobs hole remains very, very deep. Today, the U.S. economy still has a greater jobs deficit than was the case at the very worst point of every previous postwar recession, including the Great Recession https://t.co/jYH1AUqBsV [Tweet]. @crampell. https://twitter.com/crampell/status/1334856009207189507

Dr Phil Hammond 💙. (2020, December 6). In some parts of the country, 31% of care home staff come from the EU. Some areas already have a 26% vacancy rate. And on January 1, EU recruitment will plummet because workers earn less than the £26,500 threshold. A very predictable recruitment crisis on top of the Covid crisis. [Tweet]. @drphilhammond. https://twitter.com/drphilhammond/status/1335490431837200384

Nick Brown. (2020, November 27). A researcher reads an online news article about a family suicide in another country and writes it up more or less verbatim as a ‘case report’, with a spurious reference to homicide. WTF @wileyglobal? 10.1111/ppc.12686 News article (trans by Google in pic): Https://t.co/uPZeRPN4jg https://t.co/tHW1XQGRyl [Tweet]. @sTeamTraen. https://twitter.com/sTeamTraen/status/1332413218271195137

Długosz, Piotr. ‘PREDICTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS OCCURRING AFTER THE FIRST WAVE OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN POLAND’. PsyArXiv, 24 February 2021. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2k8px.

Seitz, B. M., Aktipis, A., Buss, D. M., Alcock, J., Bloom, P., Gelfand, M., Harris, S., Lieberman, D., Horowitz, B. N., Pinker, S., Wilson, D. S., & Haselton, M. G. (2020). The pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(45), 27767–27776. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009787117

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UK is with EU. (2021, January 18). ..The reason we are in this third lockdown is because of the anti lockdowners like Lord Sumption ..We are going in circles, countries who have done well controlled the virus and now have an economic recovery ..And every life matters #GMB @devisridhar speaking truth to power https://t.co/U3BBV0uUSb [Tweet]. @ukiswitheu. https://twitter.com/ukiswitheu/status/1351089812799950850

Important Point

Real economic numbers validate a 25 year period (or more) of manipulated inflation and low growth economy. INCOME INEQUALITY statistics and recent studies ALL validate fuzzy math, rosy picture for the 1% and stagnant dismal picture for average Americans. Trump based his entire campaign and Presidency on Making America Great Again

Supporting Link

Powerful Headline (words) from a Washington Post article under Economic Policy. WORDS.....! Words..... When you study Legal Theory you learn that "words" play a significant role in all aspects of social order.

Controlling the rhetoric with consistent narrative

This statement simply implies the use of consistent narrative (story) to allow control of the rhetoric. Narrative can be viewed as believable while Rhetoric is a general pejorative. When the rhetoric is mis or dis-information the narrative must be credible.

Main stream media (MSM) has held a long-term standing across the world as being credible. This standing is eroding. It has eroded considerably over the last 25 years among critical thinkers and the general population has started to take notice.

I question everything from MSM especially when narrative is duplicated with identical rhetoric across known government media assets. History is a wonderful thing when searching for Truth. Events in historical time periods can be researched, parsed and studied for patterns based on future evidence and outcomes.

Information "Spin" is real and happens for one purpose, that purpose is to benefit a position, agenda, person, plan, etc., by manipulating (advertising, PR, propaganda) information. Spin is difficult to refute without hard facts. Spin has a short-term shelf life, but that is all it needs to chart a new course, set the "ball" in motion so to say.

History allows Truth to overcome Spin.

Time. ‘The Great Reset: How to Build a Better World Post-COVID-19’. Accessed 19 February 2021. https://time.com/collection/great-reset/.

Chris Ham: The United Kingdom’s poor record on covid-19 is a failure of policy learning. (2021, January 26). The BMJ. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2021/01/26/chris-ham-the-united-kingdoms-poor-record-on-covid-19-is-a-failure-of-policy-learning/

Safra, L., Chevallier, C., & Sijilmassi, A. (2021). Poverty and Threat Reactivity. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/fp35r

Study shows vaccine nationalism could cost rich countries US$4.5 trillion. (2021, January 25). ICC - International Chamber of Commerce. https://iccwbo.org/media-wall/news-speeches/study-shows-vaccine-nationalism-could-cost-rich-countries-us4-5-trillion/

21st Century Economics (USA)

Economic Theory of a Market Economy, Characteristics, Pros, and Cons

Americans and the World believe or want to believe that the United States is built upon a Market Economy.

Historical context validates a classic Market Economy theory as directed by our Founding Fathers and Constitution. We clearly do not have a pure Market Economy today (2021).

• To Big to Fail - (Bailouts)
• Farm Subsidies
• Political Influence (money, lobbying, tenure)
• Government Agencies
• Military/Industrial Complex
• Federal Reserve (Central Banking)
• Social Security
• Medicare
• Other

Most Americans lump (through education) the concept of economics and government together, into 3 basic categories; Capitalism, Socialism and Communism.

The U.S. is a Capitalist Nation with a corresponding market economy.

Is this statement Fact or Hypothesis ?

Can we still rely on textbook economic models in the 21st Century?

Etilé, F., & Geoffard, P. (2020, November 10). ANXIETY INCREASES THE WILLINGNESS TO BE EXPOSED TO COVID-19 RISK AMONG YOUNG ADULTS IN FRANCE. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/5ntzc

Baum, F., Freeman, T., Musolino, C., Abramovitz, M., Ceukelaire, W. D., Flavel, J., Friel, S., Giugliani, C., Howden-Chapman, P., Huong, N. T., London, L., McKee, M., Popay, J., Serag, H., & Villar, E. (2021). Explaining covid-19 performance: What factors might predict national responses? BMJ, 372, n91. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n91

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FitzRoy. F., Spencer. D., (2020). Economic Policy Response to the Pandemic: From COVID-19 Emergency to Economic Democracy. Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/pp160/

Snower. D. J., (2020), The Socio-​Economics of Pandemics Policy. Institute of Labor Economics. Retrieved from: https://covid-19.iza.org/publications/pp162/

ReconfigBehSci @SciBeh (2020) For those who might think this issue isn't settled yet, the piece include below has further graphs indicating just how much "protecting the economy" is associated with "keeping the virus under control" Twitter. Retrieved from: https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1306216113722871808

Sapir. A. (2020) European Union economies so differently? Policy contribution. Retrieved from: https://www.bruegel.org/2020/09/why-has-covid-19-hit-different-european-union-economies-so-differently/?utm_content=buffer5fc94&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

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How Did We Get Into This Mess? (2020, October 15). 99%. https://99-percent.org/how-did-we-get-into-this-mess/

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IMF urges governments to borrow to fight impact of Covid-19. (2020, October 14). The Guardian. http://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/oct/14/imf-urges-governments-to-borrow-to-fight-impact-of-covid-19

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